In addition to current labor activism, movements for economic justice have also emerged from students, retirees, consumers, and other communities outside traditional unions and leftist political parties. Today’s mass movements range from the Indignados movement in Spain to Occupy in the U.S. to anti-austerity protests in Greece to massive student demonstrations in Chile. Protestors are contesting the inevitability of privatization, cuts to public spending, and rising inequality, among other issues worldwide.

• Wolfgang Rudig and Georgios Karyotis. 2013. “Beyond The Usual Suspects? New Participants In Anti-Austerity Protests In Greece.” Mobilization: An International Journal 18(3):313–30.
• Ruth Milkman, Penny Lewis, and Stephanie Luce. 2013. “The Genie’s out of the Bottle: Insiders’ Perspectives on Occupy Wall Street.” The Sociological Quarterly 54(2):194–98.
• Cesar Guzman-Concha. 2012. “The Students’ Rebellion in Chile: Occupy Protest or Classic Social Movement?” Social Movement Studies 11(3-4):408–15.
• Ernesto Castañeda. 2012. “The Indignados of Spain: A Precedent to Occupy Wall Street.” Social Movement Studies 11(3-4):309–19.

Read Part I (The U.S. & Inequality) and Part II (Global Labor).