Two women sitting side-by-side with laptops in front of them, glancing at each other after reading something shocking. Photo by Resume Genius from Upsplash.
Intro and History
Several subcultures exist online dedicated to hating women, collectively known as the “manosphere.” These communities hold different perspectives on how they should operate in society based on their shared belief in the Red Pill, the belief that we live in a “Gynocracy” (a society dominated by women that discriminates against men).
Some of these subcultures focus on trying to “prove” their negative views of women by presenting themselves as scientifically knowledgeable. Others focus on more explicitly bigoted and violent language. “Incels” believe that they are involuntarily celibate thanks to societal injustice. Another manosphere group, “Men Going Their Own Way” (MGTOW), takes a different approach to women and tries to avoid women and female institutions altogether.
- Ann-Kathrin Rothermel. 2023. “The Role of Evidence-Based Misogyny in Antifeminist Online Communities of the ‘Manosphere.’” Big Data & Society 10(1)
- Stephane Baele, Lewys Brace, and Debbie Ging. 2023. “A Diachronic Cross-Platforms Analysis of Violent Extremist Language in the Incel Online Ecosystem.” Terrorism and Political Violence 1–24.
- Scott Wright, Verity Trott, and Callum Jones. 2020. “‘The Pussy Ain’t Worth It, Bro’: Assessing the Discourse and Structure of MGTOW.” Information, Communication & Society 23(6):908–25.
Politics and Culture
While many online misogynists solely focus on hating women, others have become more broadly political. For example, many members of the manosphere backed Donald Trump for the US presidency. However, at times, members of the manosphere have come into conflict with other right-wing extremists. Some white nationalists, for instance, believe they should “protect” white women, while manosphere members are often more explicitly hateful towards white women.
- Pierce Alexander Dignam and Deana A. Rohlinger. 2019. “Misogynistic Men Online: How the Red Pill Helped Elect Trump.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 44(3):589–612.
- Jillian Sunderland. 2023. “Fighting for Masculine Hegemony: Contestation between Alt-Right and White Nationalist Masculinities on Stormfront.” Men and Masculinities 26(1):3–23.
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