I’ve argued that the visual aids used in computer programs designed to help us learn new languages are ethnocentric, generic, and uninformative. Since then, I have been working on an alternative to these images, compiling a database of culturally organized images called the Culturally Authentic Pictorial Lexicon (CAPL).
What strikes me as both a student and a professor of language and culture is that the visual world differs so greatly across cultures and even minor differences are telling in how we organize and perceive our world. Color is one of the easiest ways to find differences in cultures. I have previously discussed the linguistic and cognitive differences of color, but now I want to show some simple examples of color in culture through analysis of various postal systems.
In China, the postal system uses a deep hunter green:
(source)
In Japan, it is a bright red, much like England.
England:
(source)
Japan:
(source)
In Germany, it is a bright yellow (think DHL):
(source)
In Russia, it is a lighter but similar shade of the deep postal blue in the U.S.
Russia:
(source)
The U.S.:
(source)
This example of postal systems is an easy way to illustrate how color becomes one of the central ways to communicate and, although the same message is shared across cultures, the path to that message varies through color.
Michael Shaughnessy is an Associate Professor of German and Chair of Modern Languages at Washington & Jefferson College. In addition to German language, literature, and culture, he has a professional interest in educational technology, especially the authenticity of multimedia imagery. His book German Pittsburgh (Arcadia Publishing) highlights the contributions of German speaking immigrants to our area.
Comments 103
Bill Angel — May 21, 2011
Mailboxes on the United States were not always solid blue. Interestingly enough one group of people who concern themselves with this are model railroad hobbyists.
See http://www.nscalelimited.com/2009/03/21/mailbox-color-for-your-era/
Nentuaby — May 21, 2011
Mmm... It's not as if these colors are exactly *synonymous* with mail even in their respective countries. An American, e.g., might as easily drop an overnight envelope into a brown box or a white one with purple trim, if they're sending it by one of the USPS's fully private competitors.
Culture & Symbols | Crimiology — May 21, 2011
[...] Blog post about how colors carry different meanings in different cultures — in this example to indicate mail delivery. Also, see here for color wheel of what colors mean across different cultures. Could also discuss different colors traditionally worn at funerals in different cultures. This entry was posted in Culture, Introduction and tagged Symbols. Bookmark the permalink. ← Skin Bleaching LikeBe the first to like this post. [...]
Helen — May 21, 2011
Just thought I'd suggest a correction - when you say 'England' you are making the (often made) mistake of making England stand for the whole of the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). The post boxes are the same colour and form throughout.
It's a pet peeve of those from the other three nations, as it feels a little marginalising.
m — May 21, 2011
It's interesting to see how some countries seems to have both post boxes in the same color. Here in Sweden, they are color coded as light yellow and light blue respectively (a little nationalism), with the addition of a red postbox for christmas cards.
Zara — May 21, 2011
I'm astonished by how much the US mailboxes look like rubbish bins to me. Colour influence at work.
Berengar Lehr — May 21, 2011
It's quite a simple but very astonishing fact, indeed, thank you for that cause for thought!
My two cents to that topic is my thought about new police uniforms in Germany. Dark blue or even black uniforms are not only in the US but in the EU widely used. After WW2 Germany police uniforms were given uncommon yellow an green colors (you'll find images on the German wikipedia entry: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polizeiuniform_(Deutschland) at the bottom).
But in the European process of standardization the uniforms are changed to (dark) blue as well. I for my self must say it is quite hard to accept such an drastic change and get used call beloved "team green" "team blue" in the future.
Another such change people have to adjust to will be the replacement of the pharmacy symbol (old: Red "A" in Grotesk font; new: green cross; see germany wikipedia: "Apotheke")
azizi — May 21, 2011
Here's an excerpt from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_box
"A post box (British English and others, also written postbox, known in the United States and Canada as collection box, mailbox, post box, or drop box) is a physical box into which members of the public can deposit outgoing mail intended for collection by the agents of a country's postal service. The term post box can also refer to a private letter box for incoming mail.
.."The United States Post Office Department began installing public mail collection boxes in the 1850s outside post offices and on street corners in large cities. Collection boxes were initially mounted on lamp-posts.[4] As mail volume grew, the Post Office Department gradually replaced these small boxes with larger models. The four-footed, free-standing U.S. Mail collection box was first suggested in 1894, following the successful use of such designs in Canada, and quickly became a fixture on U.S. city street corners.[4][5] Unlike Canadian mailboxes, which were painted red,[6] U.S. mail collection boxes were originally painted a dark green to avoid confusion with emergency and fire equipment, then to red and blue in the 1950s, and finally, all-blue with contrasting lettering.[5][7] The coming of the automobile also influenced U.S. mailbox design, and in the late 1930s, an extension chute or 'snorkel' to drive-up curbside collection boxes was adopted.[4]"
[Italics added for emphasis]
-snip-
That Wikipedia page has photos of the public mail boxes in certain nations. Australia's mail box is also red. Is this the case with most other former British colonies?
As a personal aside, when I visited Alberta, Canada a few years ago, besides the money and the Canadian flag displayed outdoors, what made me realize I was no longer in the USA was the color of the public mailboxes. Silly me, I had assumed that all public mailboxes were the blue used in the United States.
Ana — May 21, 2011
Here in Japan, the boxes are actually orange, not red. The delivery vans and mopeds are red, but the standalone boxes and Japan Post signs are orange.
jane — May 22, 2011
I heard that in the Republic of Ireland, as soon as independence was gained the first thing they did was paint all the postboxes green!
Estella — May 22, 2011
Here in France they're yellow like in Germany. Interestingly, here at least, and probably elsewhere as well, the old ones that are no longer in use aren't any distinctive color; they're just whatever color the materials (stone, metal, etc.) used to construct them are naturally.
It would also be interesting to do this kind of comparison with trash receptacles. Here they're mostly green, which leads a lot of people from the US, including myself at first, to associate at least subconsciously with recycling.
Elena — May 22, 2011
In Spain they're yellow, like this. Correos' logo is a stylized post horn with a crown on top, like in many other European countries.
Madeline — May 22, 2011
That's just branding baby.
Emma — May 22, 2011
I'm sorry, am I being dense? I don't get it.
You say in your post you want to analyse the use of color on post boxes - yet, you only post pictures? I don't see any contextual explanation of the cultural significance, and frankly, I don't know what I am to make of this?
It's like, yeah, the post boxes have different colors - and?
Rayna — May 25, 2011
Just wanted to share an anecdote re ethnocentric perspectives in second language teaching - when I was teaching ESL in a Japanese junior high school, I was making picture cards to teach verbs and related vocab, and one was of an apple. I prefer granny smith apples, so I made it green, without thinking about it any further. I forgot, or hadn't explicitly thought about, the fact that you don't have multiple varieties of apples in Japanese supermarkets - only one. They don't have green apples! So when I held up this card, they all thought it was a melon. I was like, noooo it's an apple.... My kids were - noooo, that's a melon. Apples ain't green.
It was a really good OH! moment - of course it's a melon, they don't have green apples.
Norms are always about what we DON'T think about, more than what we do. I like the examples above, of the post-boxes - really clear illustration of the 'defaults' we take for granted. Especially from a teaching perspective - as we do teach kids of all different backgrounds, and recognising our 'taken for granteds' is a key part of this.
Also, as an Australian, which is a marginalised market/culture within a dominant English-language group (as in English-language is a massive market/population globally speaking, but we are culturally marginal within it and the US dominates) - a lot of very US-specific defaults (blue postbox) are very recognisable here, even though they're not our own, due to the broad (and unidirectional) access to US culture that we have. That affects the little things and schema we might not explicitly think about - clipart for instance. Didn't really think about it myself until comparing all the postboxes above.
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