Flashback Friday.
A study by doctor Ruchi Gupta and colleagues mapped rates of asthma among children in Chicago, revealing that they are closely correlated with race and income. The overall U.S. rate of childhood asthma is about 10%, but evidence indicates that asthma is very unevenly distributed. Their visuals show that there are huge variations in the rates of childhood asthma among different neighborhoods:
The researchers looked at how the racial/ethnic composition of neighborhoods is associated with childhood asthma. They defined a neighborhood’s racial make-up by looking at those that were over 67% White, Black, or Hispanic. This graph shows the percent of such neighborhoods that fall into three categories of rates of asthma: low (less than 10% of children have asthma), medium (10-20% of children have it), and high (over 20% of kids are affected). While 95% of White neighborhoods have low or medium rates, 56% of Hispanic neighborhoods have medium or high rates. However, the really striking finding is for Black neighborhoods; 94% have medium or high prevalence. And the racial clustering is even more pronounced if we look only at the high category, where only a tiny proportion (6%) of White neighborhoods fall but nearly half of Black ones do…a nearly mirror image of what we see for the low category:
It’s hard to know exactly what causes higher rates of asthma in Black and Hispanic neighborhoods than in White ones. It could be differences in access to medical care. The researchers found that asthma rates are also higher in neighborhoods that have high rates of violence. Perhaps stress from living in neighborhoods with a lot of violence is leading to more asthma. The authors of the study suggest that parents might keep their children inside more to protect them from violence, leading to more exposure to second-hand smoke and other indoor pollutants (off-gassing from certain types of paints or construction materials, for instance).
Other studies suggest that poorer neighborhoods have worse outdoor environmental conditions, particularly exposure to industries that release toxic air pollutants or store toxic waste, which increase the risk of asthma. Having a parent with asthma increases the chances of having it as well, though the connection there is equally unsure–is there a genetic factor, or does it simply indicate that parents and children are likely to grow up in neighborhoods with similar conditions?
Regardless, it’s clear that some communities — often those with the fewest resources to deal with it — are bearing the brunt of whatever conditions cause childhood asthma.
Originally posted in 2010.
Gwen Sharp is an associate professor of sociology at Nevada State College. You can follow her on Twitter at @gwensharpnv.
Comments 128
Chenoa — May 5, 2010
I think I remember a lecture in one of my public health classes about a similar study in Oakland that correlated asthma in poor/black children with the fact that the poor/black neighborhoods are often near the highways and or rail yards.
No! Here it is - I read it in the local paper! I can't remember which bay area paper I read it in, but here's one article:
http://oaklandlocal.com/article/ports-diesel-pollution-stirs-west-oakland-protest
I remember being really surprised to actually see it in the paper because it specifically talked about race-related differences in health, and how it was related to neighborhood segregation and environmental exposures - the kind of things you don't usually hear about unless you're in the field.
niki — May 5, 2010
As a Health Officer at a summer camp, I was treating kids from all over the Bay Area, CA. Posh suburbanite tennis champs slept in the same bunks as foster kids on handfuls of psychotropics; it was super fascinating to watch friendships form.
The amount of *undiagnosed* illnesses in the African American or poor children was astounding- I basically had to explain to these kids what they're dealing with because they were never diagnosed. Absolutely heartbreaking, especially when the blond girl scout, in head-to-toe North Face gear, takes two puffs on her albuterol and gets back out to camp. If there was ever a place to witness the disparity, it's in a hundred camp kids who all live within an hour of each other.
Otogizoshi — May 5, 2010
I find it curious that there is no Asian or Native category. Is there not a large Asian population in Chicago? (This is a genuine question...)
I live in a small-ish community in Alberta, Canada that is downwind from a large industrial area. There is a very high rate of Asthma here, and traditionally, this area is fairly middle-class, upper middle class. (Traditionally). Also, it is predominantly white. This is a very interesting study, and I would like to see the correlation of wind patterns and industry location. Also, it would be good to see the correlation of how long these families have lived in areas (according to rates of diagnosis.)
Also, I don't quite follow the access to health care part. Regardless of access to health care (which is a MAJOR racial issue), Asthma does not go away with treatment. (I have it, too, since childhood).
I also wonder if they account for activities that these children may or may not have access to. Swimming, playing wind instruments, etc., can assist in overcoming Asthma in SOME cases. This could perhaps correlate to income level, or as is mentioned, housing prices according to proximity of industry/ air quality.
Hope this makes sense... just pointing some things out that I felt could have been included in this study.
lauren — May 5, 2010
Asthma rates are a huge disparity in health status, and across the country, follow class and racial differences. Community-based organziations such as Harlem Children's Zone Asthma Initiative, Communities for a Better Environment (East Oakland), THE Impact Project (LA), and Ditching Diesel are some good examples of communities who address asthma disparities in communities of color and low-income. Many studies suggest causation from air quality, and this is affected by proximity to major industrial zones, lack of buffer zones between industrial and neighborhood zones, diesel exhaust pollution, auto mechanic shops and the high unequal rates. What I think is most interesting is how these communities are addressing their air quality issues, by engaging community members and academic partners to conduct their own studies and collect their own data. While this doesn't always lead to policy change (though sometimes it does), it does empower communities, educate individuals about asthma and air quality, and leads to community organizing.
Luna — May 5, 2010
I wonder also if it has something to do with the availability of good food. Asthma is autoimmune, and autoimmune disorders can certainly be set off by lack of good nutrition, a problem that is rather systemic in poor areas.
fuzzy — May 5, 2010
Is parental tobacco use more prevalent in these areas?
In addition, I seem to recall that lack of treatment can increase severity by increasing tissue damage?
Bob Jones — May 5, 2010
This is a fine example of data manipulation. Notice how it talks about the data:
"While 94.5% of White neighborhoods have low or medium rates, 56.3% of Hispanic neighborhoods have medium or high rates. However, the really striking finding is for Black neighborhoods; 94.4% have medium or high prevalence."
For white people it talks about med and low rates but when talking about latinos and blacks the author uses medium and high rates.
Bob Jones — May 5, 2010
If you then switch whites to the medium and high rate comparison you then have whites at 59.8%. Which is a hell of alot different than 94% for medium and low rates. The 59.8% is more accurate comparison because it actually uses data from the same parts of the graph as is used for blacks and latinos.
Bob Jones — May 5, 2010
If you use compare medium and low rates among the neighborhoods it breaks down like this:
White neighborhoods 94.5%
Black neighborhoods 52.8%
Latino neighborhoods 81.3%
Which potraits this in a different light. It is still unacceptable but the data isn't being exaggerated or manipulated. Which of course, is dishonest on the part of the author. NPR should know better.
Haase — May 6, 2010
Sure air quality/Asthma is 'one' indicating factor, just scratching the surface...'chemical influence' often provides stronger links.
Have you tied this to EPA data to industrial, groundwater and local air pollution? The urban, ethic and low income 'data clusters' surround the areas of the 'most chemical influences' traditionally.
There are several strong studies of urban pollution links autism, yet simply overlaying a 'autism cluster over a EPA area pollution cluster' may make most sick to the stomach.
Example Study:
http://familymed.uthscsa.edu/news/PalmerAutismArticle.pdf
Checkout EPA EHCO & TRI (www.epa.gov/tri/ & www.epa-echo.gov/)
Also the EPA Region 5 toxicology staff are extremely versed and helpful with information and disseminating data noise.
Also, CARB has done excellent studies spanning decades on influences of pollution in urban areas. Making your 'social ties' to their data to make what you will of it should be easy ;-) www.arb.ca.gov
There are far to many chemicals that influence the explosion of autism and childhood aliments to continue to ignore the obvious.
The key isn't moving the people it is removing the influence.
naath — May 10, 2010
There was a study in the UK that showed clear correlation between asthma rates and a)major roads and b)airports + airport approaches. I would tend to assume that such areas would be poorer (because traffic/plane noises are not desirable features of a house). Anyone know how these factors plot onto those maps?
This in addition to poor health care and poor nutrition caused by poverty.
Do Hamburgers Cause Childhood Asthma ? — August 16, 2010
[...] Residential, Racial, and Class Differences in Childhood Asthma [...]
Health Disparities and Race | Erin V Echols — February 26, 2012
[...] in impoverished black and brown neighborhoods – resulting in higher rates of illnesses like asthma and lead poisoning among African American children. But the effects are not just class-based. Even [...]
Why do we still talk about race? | Erin V Echols — April 6, 2012
[...] in impoverished black and brown neighborhoods – resulting in higher rates of illnesses like asthma and lead poisoning among African American [...]
Environmental Injustices #NoKXL #coal #climatechange #inequality | Poor as Folk — April 23, 2014
[…] Lots more graphs and info at Sociological Images. […]
Anny — December 14, 2015
"Asthma rates don’t seem to be highly clustered by education, but are highly correlated with overall neighborhood incomes"
I don't think correlation alone is the best way to interpret these data. The second graph shows relatively low asthma prevalence among higher income groups (~$70,000 and higher), but there's a lot of scatter in the lower income groups. Why does that variation occur?
Just another WordPress site — September 1, 2018
[…] Racial differences in childhood asthma […]
gisudilak — April 17, 2019
great information shared. WiFi Names
Ashish — May 15, 2019
Very Informative BLog Post
Keep the good work on
Funnywifinames
Earnmoneyonlinemaster.com — May 19, 2019
Very Informative BLog Post
Keep the good work on
best credit cards in India
Vijay Singh Rawat — June 1, 2019
Thanks for sharing it is loved your Blogspot blog and now I alsocreate a blog on Blogspot.
Pubg Wallpaper Download — July 15, 2019
Thanks for sharing very information blog
pubg wallpaper download
Wattson — September 2, 2019
Thanks for sharing the report of the survey with us. According to the survey we can see asthma disease has been spread over many children in Chicago state. This is very serious and we must take care of those children who are suffering from this disease.
We also should find out the possible reasons for which this disease is being spread over the state rapidly. We must find out the reasons and should consult the physician to overcome the issue. We have to get rid of this issue otherwise it is going to be a big problem for children.
During childhood time, we were doing a lot of things. Apart from studies, we used to play with friends. We enjoyed every moment of our childhood time. We never complained of anything. Nowadays very few children are getting involved in outdoor games. Nowadays children like to play with gadgets like smartphone or tablets. Children keep on using the internet, sharing photos and videos online. They just keep on asking for their friend's Creative Wi-Fi Names and password. Due to the lack of adequate outdoor activity children are becoming too much unhealthy. Asthma is a very bad disease. Children get nervous in this disease and gradually they start losing their beautiful childhood time.
profileHosting.com — September 13, 2019
great Website Thanks for sharing very information Article.
profileHosting.com — September 13, 2019
Profile Hosting is One Most Popular Website in India. We host Every one Profile
freewifinames — September 25, 2019
great in formation shARED
rijina — October 15, 2019
very good post thanks for sharing
pisa — October 15, 2019
very nice post
Nsw School Holidays 2020
Nsw School Holidays
jez sims — December 6, 2019
very detailed data
Sadimageinboy — December 9, 2019
Hello Sir, Thanks For The Nice Article And Great Information.
<a href="https://www.sadimageinboy.in/2019/09/good-morning-images-for-download.html"ᐅ Top 259+ Good Morning Images, Good Morning Quotes
Sadimageinboy — December 9, 2019
Hello Sir, Thanks For The Nice Article And Great Information.
Sadimageinboy — December 9, 2019
Hello Sir, Thanks For The Nice Article And Great Information.
ᐅ Top 259+ Good Morning Images, Good Morning Quotes
Pink Sobi — December 24, 2019
Get VOIP Services In Uk very Reasonable Prices at https://smartcaller.co.uk/
Moraya — December 28, 2019
Thanks for providing a great article.
funnywifinameszone.website
Buzzfeed — January 4, 2020
Thanks for sharing i have like you blog keep it up
ted
gifts for girls
ipad wallpaper — January 6, 2020
We hope that you have to find the best iPad wallpaper
ipad wallpapers — January 6, 2020
We hope that you have to find the best iPad wallpaper.
http://ipad.gettywallpapers.com/
kritis — January 9, 2020
thanks for the info
If you have a interest then we can provide you themnc companies in noida and list of manufacturing companies in noida.
Sima — March 9, 2020
Ordering pizza over phone is easy. However, I would suggest installing a food delivery app and place your order through it. You don’t need to put any extra effort
People’s tastes are different. What one person thinks would be the best, might not appeal to another person. Search Dominos near me on google and order your fav to save time.
Phone orders work well in dominos, Find the Dominos number of the place you wish to order pizza from. Dial it. Tell the person who answers that you’d like to place an order, and they’ll ask the right questions in the right order. Answer them. Also, know your address! Yes, people really do call for delivery who not only don’t know their address, but don’t understand why someone would need it to deliver to them.
steve — April 6, 2020
Top Chauufeur service in Melbourne
Silver Executive Cab is becoming the first choice of the people. It is only because of the best quality chauffeur cars & limos Melbourne. Our own VHA Chauffeur Cars & Limos network Melbourne. Are you looking for the chauffeur car Melbourne or anywhere in Victoria SEC offers you the best vehicle at competitive prices.
Best Latin Band In Los Angeles — June 28, 2020
On the night of his 35th birthday, confirmed bachelor, Robert, contemplates his unmarried state. Over the course of a series of dinners, drinks and even a wedding, his friends – "those good and crazy people [his] married friends" – explain the pros and cons of taking on a spouse. The habitually single Robert is forced to question his adamant retention of bachelorhood during a hilarious array of interactions.
Albert smith — July 8, 2020
That we call a real informative blog. It is very nice and the data you used in it is very useful for us. I am here only due to your informative posts. Thanks for shearing and keep on sharing.Blogging And Video Content with SEO success
Online Quran Academy — July 9, 2020
I like the gainful knowledge you give in your articles. I'll bookmark your site and check again here habitually. You did a great job and i am very happy to see this because it is very useful for me. Thanks for sharing.
ziyaam — July 9, 2020
I like the gainful knowledge you give in your articles. I'll bookmark your site and check again here habitually. You did a great job and i am very happy to see this because it is very useful for me. Thanks for sharing.
Online Quran Classes
AnkitBlog — July 9, 2020
Best AMP Blogger Template 2020 Seo & Google Adsense Friendly
Vipin Saini — July 19, 2020
Nice article. Thanks fro sharing.
Vipin Saini — July 19, 2020
Amazing post. Thank you so much for sharing. Check out the best list of Profile Creation Sites.
Moneysourceguide — September 13, 2020
Hello Sir, Thanks For The Nice Article And Great Information.
ᐅ How To Make Money Without A Job
ᐅ What Is The IPS Full Form
amlida jame — November 13, 2020
Hi,
Thank you for sharing such a nice post on your blog keep it up.
small business cyber security consulting
mark person — November 13, 2020
Great post keep it up.
Home Network Security
tntextbook — December 7, 2020
Thank for sharing such a nice post on your blog keep it up and share more. tntextbook
Kritika Singh — February 5, 2021
love to see the great info dear
Saran — February 12, 2021
Hello,
Depth article. , I seem to recall that lack of treatment can increase severity by increasing tissue damage?
Hindi Web Quotes — March 24, 2021
Great Article..This article really contains a lot more information about This Topic. We have read all the information some points are also good and some usually are awesome. Marathi journal
Hindi Web Quotes
Jagmeet Lal — May 15, 2021
Nice Post. Thanks for Sharing.
Latest News on Govt. Schemes</a
wasid — June 5, 2021
https://techydeed.com
jone — July 7, 2021
Click to learn more about how to use our free font and fontchanger.online.
bazzhood — July 18, 2021
Best AMP Blogger Template the Best AMP Blogger Template 2021 for free. Most themes are verified and malware-free, and they can all be used for free
Kirtika saha — July 29, 2021
Useful information. I am actual blessed to read this article. Thanks for giving us this advantageous information. Thanks for sharing us.
Marathi status — August 26, 2021
Thanks fo sharing useful indormation
birthday wishes in marathi
Subham — November 3, 2021
Mahabhulekh Maharashtra Govt is a very usefull website in bhulekh
Shala Darpan Rajsthan govt is a very usefull in students and teachers
sandy solanki — November 5, 2021
Nice article, i like your article
sandy solanki — November 5, 2021
Please support for or website Free Hindi Wishes
lenny face — January 8, 2022
Visit Official Lenny Face Twitter Profile
Bharat watane — January 14, 2022
Nice information thank you marathi bhashan !
Arbaj khan — January 27, 2022
These are very good post and i like your post...hindi skill
Rock — February 11, 2022
Thanks for sharing informative information. Hindi Helpful
loacal geeks help — February 11, 2022
These are very good post and i like your post
geeks help — February 11, 2022
so much information in this post keep on posting
loacal geeks help — February 11, 2022
wow such a nice post keep sharing information
local geeks help
high research — February 11, 2022
Thank you to share this valuable information finally I found this Website I am sharing this website with my friend.
https://hrpolice.org
high research — February 11, 2022
Thank you to share this valuable information finally I found this Website I am sharing this website with my friend.
high research — February 11, 2022
Thank you to share this valuable information finally I found this Website I am sharing this website with my friend.
High Research
livebookmarkera — February 11, 2022
Thank you to share this valuable information finally I found the best blogging website i am also sharing this website to my friends
Best Social Bookmarking Website Livebookmarkera
rawbookmarking — February 11, 2022
These are very good post and i like your post
social bookmarking
Meenakumari — February 12, 2022
Thanks for helping me out i like this blog. i also have a blog Do check it out
moviesmon — February 15, 2022
keep posting and awaring people
moviesmon
moviesmon
RecoBee — February 20, 2022
Thank You to Share this valuable information. I also Share this Website with My Friends.
Best Movie Review App
roku error codes — February 22, 2022
If you are facing any kind of roku error code you can contact to our roku error customer support team at
+1-800-513-4943 or visit our website roku error codes support.
roku error codes
high research — February 25, 2022
Thank you to share this valuable information finally I found this Website I am sharing this website with my friend.
High Research
Sarkari Naukri Blog
Marathi Essay — March 4, 2022
I am giving up my day for someone that i love.
Marathi Baby Boy Names
New Home names in Marathi
Marathi — March 4, 2022
After lots of struggle I came to conclusion that I need a partner.
Speech in Marathi for Send of Farewell
RecoBee — March 5, 2022
Thank You to Share this valuable information. I also Share this Website with My Friends.
Best Movies Review App
VCCLHosting — March 5, 2022
Thank You to Share this valuable information. I liked the information that you shared.
VPS Server Hosting
Meenakumari — March 6, 2022
Thanks for sharing this information
Best social bookmarking sites
Tax Paramarsh — March 9, 2022
thanks for this blog and information. taxparamarsh
startbookmarking — March 16, 2022
Thanks for sharing this information
Best social bookmarking site
social bookmarking guide
RawBookMarking — March 18, 2022
Thanks for the nice blog. I like it.
social bookmarking
wahyu — April 21, 2022
Wow! Such an amazing and helpful post this is. I really really love it .
jual control burner Gas dan Oil
jual Gas Multibloc Dungs
wahyu idm — April 21, 2022
Very good article! We will refer this article to our readers. Keep up the good work. This website brings great value and impact to the readers and we are thankful for that jual Tanki Blending AMP
jual Thermal Oil Electric/Listrik
Udai — April 23, 2022
I love reading meaningful and valid information. I found good info on your blog; you are indeed a great webmaster. Keep posting. police verification form
sarah j wills — May 4, 2022
Some popular Gps devices like- Magellan devices like magellan maestro 3200,magellan roadmate 1440,magellan maestro 4040, magellan roadmate 5235t-lm,magellan roadmate 1700,magellan roadmate 1470, and other old and newer models. We’ll help you to get easy maps, software / Firmware updates.
Are you planning a trip or going out and wondering if you could have the latest maps to make your trip or your work. Well, you’re a step away from the latest map updates. Latest map updates make sure that you always reach your destination on time with full-proof accuracy.
Risabh kumar — May 10, 2022
Thanks for writing this blog it is really helpful
do visit my blog "
Best practices for google search console
Social bookmarking guide
Joyce S Miller — May 12, 2022
Thanks for writing such a beautiful and informative article! I really enjoyed reading it! Thanks again! I myself am a blog writer! I have some blogs for your audience! I hope they can learn a lot from my article! If you have any questions about Skills Development and Freelancing, visit TEvan Academy.
1- what is crush meaning in telugu?
2- What is the test meaning in tamil?
3- What is Bestie Meaning in Marathi
4- What is attitude meaning in tamil Language? Meaning & Details
Conceptsall — May 25, 2022
Thanks for sharing this type of Info...
Application of Computer in Education
M K Singh — May 25, 2022
Good To see such info on the Internet how to change Tenda WiFi Password
ASTROLOGY REMEDIES — June 1, 2022
I am amazed by your writing. How elegantly and lucidly you explain everything. Thank you for this kind of write-up. Are you in financial distress? Here are some Astrology solutions to improve your financial position.
Read more:- ASTROLOGY REMEDIES
service update iphone — June 2, 2022
It was truly mind-blowing for me. Thanks for taking the time to write an insightful blog written in such a perfect manner.Simple settings changes can cause interruptions in the phone network. This could be caused by a problem with your carrier settings or airplane mode
mannu — June 26, 2022
thnaks for the information Pan Card se Aadhar Card Link kaise kare
Prakhar Kumar — July 5, 2022
The language of the blog was a little hard to understand the context of this blog. Please make it more comprehensible for newbie readers. Healthy Origins Natural Caffeine helps to stimulate a surge of adrenaline, intensify mental focus and boost energy levels to ignite your workouts.
Click Here:- Best Premium Supplements for Skin and Hair 2022
Dr. Ganehs Dubey — July 5, 2022
Indian culture has always attached importance to the Guru-Student relationship. It is essential to show respect and trust the individuals who instruct us and assist to live a fulfilling life.
Read more:- Importance of Gurus in Our Life | Dr. Ganesh Dubey
Ricky — August 15, 2022
Great article!! I would love to see more articles from you.
Fix “WiFi Connected But No Internet” in Windows 11
Pankaj — August 18, 2022
Great article!! I would love to see more articles from you.
How to change password in SAP
Dr. Ganesh Dubey — September 5, 2022
It was an awesome blog. I will keep visiting this website to read more blogs like this.
Read more:- Click Here
messy — December 5, 2022
Copy-paste, or learn to type star symbol emoji directly from your keyboard. A copy and paste stars symbols & stars signs collection for easy access. Just click on a star symbol to copy it to the clipboard and paste it anywhere.
alt codes — December 22, 2022
you can find both Alt Code, and Unicode values for special characters, and symbols. On the altcod.es, there are only alt code values fully listed in two separate tables. Categorised pages include both Alt Code(if exists) and Unicode values together.
vinod singh — January 4, 2023
I just found this good blog and have high hopes for it to continue. Keep up the great work, its hard to find good ones. I have added to my favorites. Thank You.
WiFi Doesn’t Have a Valid IP Configuration Windows 10
daisy limo — January 24, 2023
Wow!!!Thanks for this informative blog. Great Information .Wating for your next post.
Black Car Service for FBOs Private Jet
табак для кальяна — February 12, 2023
Наслаждайтесь богатым и нежным вкусом нашего табака для кальяна. Мы отбираем только самые лучшие сорта табака и обрабатываем их с наивысшей точностью, чтобы дать вам незабываемый опыт
Mobilepricejin — March 6, 2023
Oppo is a well-known brand in the mobile phone industry, producing a range of devices with impressive specifications. Some of the key features of Oppo mobile phones include high-quality cameras, fast processors, and stunning displays.
One of the standout features of Oppo Mobile price In Bangladesh is their camera capabilities. Many models boast high-resolution cameras with advanced features like optical image stabilization, 4K video recording, and powerful zoom capabilities. This makes Oppo phones an excellent choice for photography enthusiasts or anyone who values a high-quality camera in their phone.
Another area where Oppo excels is in processing power. Many Oppo phones are equipped with powerful processors that can handle demanding tasks with ease. This makes them an ideal choice for gamers or anyone who needs a phone that can keep up with their busy lifestyle.
Finally, Oppo Mobile price In Pakistan are also known for their stunning displays. Many models feature large, high-resolution screens with vibrant colors and sharp contrast. This makes them ideal for streaming video or playing games on the go.
Overall, Oppo phones offer a compelling combination of high-end specifications and affordability, making them an excellent choice for anyone in the market for a new mobile phone.
Captionsandquote — March 8, 2023
Captionsandquote are an essential part of social media posts, allowing users to express their creativity, personality, and message. A great caption can make your post stand out and connect with your audience, while a bad one can make your content go unnoticed. Here are some tips for writing the best captions:
lily — March 21, 2023
The less than sign, also called the The less than symbol, is an inequality symbol that is used to show when a given number or expression represents a smaller quantity than another given number or expression. less than symbol is one of the most common symbols used in math, so it is important to know the less than meaning behind the symbol. In inequalities, this symbol tells us that the number or expression on the left side of the inequality is smaller than the number or expression on the right side of the inequality.
john mayer — March 23, 2023
VIG Glass Technologies offers vacuum insulated glass for the glass industry Vacuum Insulated Glass
فرش عالی قاپو — April 20, 2023
عالی قاپو بزرگترین مرکز خرید انواع فرش در سایزهای مختلف ۷۰۰ شانه ,۱۰۰۰ شانه, ۱۲۰۰ شانه, ۱۵۰۰شانه, ماشینی و دستباف، کودک، فانتزی, مدرن – تابلو فرش میباشد . تمام جزئیات فرش از جمله ( تراکم عرضی (شانه) – تراکم طولی – ساده / برجسته – رنگ زمینه – تعداد رنگ به کار رفته – جنس نخ – ارتفاع نخ خاب ) در سایت عالی قاپو کامل درج شده است و بازدید کننده محترم با توجه به اطلاعات فوق خرید مناسبتری خواهد داشت .
فرش عالی قاپو
دکتر تعمیرکار — April 20, 2023
دکتر تعمیرکار مرکز تخصصی تعمیرات لوازم خانگی است که با استعانت از خداوند متعال و با تکیه بر تجربه ۱۵ ساله و تیم متخصص ، دوره دیده و با تجربه و همچنین دسترسی به قطعات اورجینال بهترین خدمات تعمیرات لوازم خانگی را به هم میهنان عزیز ارائه میکند ، گارانتی تعمیرات که توسط دکتر تعمیرکار ارائه میشود گواه اطمینان ما به صحت تعمیرات و اصل بودن قطعات مورد استفاده خود است.
دکتر تعمیرکار
FRP bypass — April 26, 2023
Pangu FRP Bypass APK ... Pangu is a free way to bypass Google account and remove the FRP lock. It works for Lollipop 5.1, Marshmallow 6.1, Nougat 7.0 and 7.1.2
FRPbypass — April 26, 2023
Pangu is a free way to bypass Google account and remove the FRP lock. It works for Lollipop 5.1, Marshmallow 6.1, Nougat 7.0 and href="https://frpbypass.io/">FRP Bypass Apk
eniyiler — May 8, 2023
thanks bro thankss
lüks araba markaları
vlone — July 7, 2023
fast reliable shipping to your door, and will be shipped out within 24 hours.Vlone
jessica Smith — August 10, 2023
Thank You Admin For This Great Idea
Malhan — August 10, 2023
Thanks You admin for providing this great content.
Thank You Admin For Providing This Great Article.
Undress AI Apps and Website
Shoaib Raza — September 7, 2023
The causes are complex and may involve factors like limited healthcare access, exposure to violence-related stress, and environmental hazards. It highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions and resources to address these health inequities in affected communities.
Wifi Names
TechSander — September 21, 2023
Very good story about your personal life.
Miya Lane — September 21, 2023
Very good article and you have covered all important thing.
i love to share this: Tips and Tricks
chakra meditaion — December 27, 2023
Chakra meditation has been a transformative practice in my life. It brings a sense of balance and inner harmony that resonates on both a mental and physical level. Highly recommend giving it a try for a refreshing and calming experience!
King's Business Schools — December 27, 2023
In the field of higher education and professional advancement, academic writing stands as a linchpin skill, propelling individuals towards intellectual growth and success. At its core, academic writing isn’t merely about crafting papers; it’s a gateway to critical thinking, effectively communicating complex ideas, and contributing significantly to the academic discourse within diverse fields.
udyam registration — September 10, 2024
Apply for udyam registration, MSME registration or udyog aadhar with expert team and get your certificate in an easy manner.