So a developing meme about our current president is that he’s not kickin’ enough “evil doer” butt….let’s call it the “politics of wuss.” He bows to the Saudi kings, he proclaims respect for the Persian empire, he’s going to allow my abuelita to visit her Cuban birthplace without restrictions, and he receives lefty books about colonialism in Latin America from dictators without using the text as a blunt instrument to beat Chavez for his insolence.
The right-o-sphere is appoplectic about this “politics of wuss.” They view it as a confirmation of an underlying relativism and moral ambiguity on the part of the president that will lead him to capitulate to, or be manipulated by, the dark forces in the geopolitical order. The left-o-sphere sees it as a “politics of dignity” welcome change in foreign policy towards a more cosmopolitan worldview where you respect other differences and listen to their concerns.
I see it as the politics of capacity building. The right is generally more enamored with a foreign policy in which you signal your intentions through force or the possibility of force, not through capitulation or admitting past wrongdoing. Critics on the right have criticized Obama’s approach to admitting past U.S. mistakes for not yielding immediate results from European allies during the latest G-20 summit.
Many on the right act as if foreign policy is a “one off” interaction rather than a set of repeated games in which actors learn from the interaction how to gain concessions from each other. Whereas the Bush administration’s approach to power was a “power over” approach where they sought to use their hegemonic world status to generate compliance from other state actors (see Pakistan, Turkey, etc.). The Obama administration is using a “power to” or “social production” approach where you distribute carrots in the hopes of building trust relationships with strategic actors that allow you to accomplish future goals. I’d argue that in a complex, hazy world where nations can form effective alliances without the United States, you’re better off going with a “power to” view of the world.
The interesting thing Obama is doing is that he is using “symbolic benefits” to build coalitions –“”power to.” While perhaps not as effective a “glue” for building relationships as material benefits, symbolic benefits are important. If nothing else, because it sets the conditions for other countries to go to their public for concessions that might be in the U.S.’ interest. The best part of symbolic benefits is that they are free…they cost nothing monetarily.
The general feeling on the right is that these symbolic appeals do cost something. It makes the U.S. appear weak or timid, as the very coiffed and masculine Mitt Romney opined. For these critics, there are only interests and at the end of the day, the way you appeal to leaders is to appear strong and stoic. Unbending. Unyielding in your position. Manly, if you will. No “power to” allowed, or the “evil doers” will pursue their interests of world domination or something of that ilk.
In my view, it is more naive to think that you are a hegemon when you aren’t than to admit mistakes and move forward on seeking common ground. Does Venezuela change its stance towards the US because Obama accepted a book from Chavez? Maybe not. But if the president’s response was to excoriate the dictator for deigning to bring up the subject of colonialism in the president’s majesterial presence, what exactly would that gain? Reactions like Newt Gingrich’s or Mitt Romney’s to the Obama/Chavez exchange are not some heroic call to steadfastness in the face of evil. Rather it is based on some intrinsic and dangerous sense of moral rectitude on the part of the right (don’t get me wrong….the left has it’s own moral rectitude problems). It’s an impulse that I can’t say I fully understand. It’s the impulse that drives fundamentalist parents to abandon a gay child because they are “sinning in the eyes of god.”
Personally, I think we’ve had a good long run of foreign policy being dictated by a “power over” approach. Let’s see how the “power to” works. Does tilling the field with “symbolic benefits” bear fruit by the end of Obama’s first term? Maybe not, but I’m pretty sure it will be better than where we’ve been.
Comments 12
rkatclu — April 21, 2009
I agree that in past our foreign policy has often been...messy. But is this due to an intrinsic flaw/bias in the "power over" approach, simple ineptitude, or a little of both?
The two general approaches you outline seem to correspond somewhat to psychological interactions between persons. (Though I hesitate to characterize it as macro/micro-cosm.)
Perhaps the real test of a "power to" approach is the mentality of other world actors. Do they see it as bridge-building or weakness? I suspect results will be mixed (depending on the actor(s) in question). As you note vis-a-vis domestic reactions in your post, those with different mentalities view the same gesture in two different ways.
Evan Clark — April 21, 2009
I agree. I think the odds of success go up greatly with this new approach because it simply makes it much more difficult to easily burn bridges like before. Lets see where we end up.
jose — April 21, 2009
The big question is whether the U.S. can act like a hegemon anymore. Do they have the "juice" to control behavior on the world stage?
rkatclu — April 21, 2009
I don't see this as a hegemonic existential crisis so much as a question of the comparative value of a "politics of dignity" versus a politics of force (to somewhat oversimplify).
Even if we were/are capable of acting like a hegemon, that doesn't imply that we should do so. (Though obviously our capacity to exert influence is relevant to such consideration.)
Chris Johnston — April 21, 2009
i think that Obama's "power to" approach is brilliant. he is showing respect to the others(while still in a position of power) and in tern receiving respect from others(leaders). after all, he is gaining compliance with some of the most important people in the world. this example can be compared to class discussion... if Obama was to take the "Bush administration’s approach" to “power over” in order "to generate compliance from other state actors" he could be creating a sense of defiance among the leaders, just as students might do if they had to follow a dress code. Everyone knows that the US is very powerful(alpha if you will), but does that mean that Obama needs to demonstrate by coercing other leaders in a social atmosphere? if anything the "power over" approach will negatively construct the relationship between leaders, in this case between Obama(US) and all other nations along with their leaders. That might get us as far as "the bully on the playground." yes he may be strong and powerful, but at the end of the day are people going to want to work with him? i don't think so, Bully's are usually wusses in the end anyways...i think this is just a shock for society to actually see someone apply some intelligence into interaction. who know, after Bush it may even be considered a "culture shock." its quite amazing. and as far as the acceptance of the book concerning colonialism from Chavez... it was a great thing. he is showing respect. many people may see it as the acceptance of the content but i don't think that is the story in this case. in my opinion its a "rule of thumb" similar to the example in class the other day. of course their is not written law stating that Obama must accept the gift from Chavez but it may still be wrong to do so in a particular situation. for example, if old and lonely granny offers you some cookies that you really dont want; are you going to reject them or take them in order to make her happy? thankfully Obama wasn't in the position to consume the content as someone would do with a cookie...
just a side note: in the picture show above, Obama is in the position of power. he has the upper hand on the hand shake and that means a lot. i don't think other leaders are are assuming that the US is somehow not as strong anymore because of the common courtesy that Obama may show. i think that the other leaders simply appreciate the respect he shows them. its a good thing...
Chris Johnston — April 21, 2009
I think that Obama's "power to" approach is brilliant. He is showing some of the most important leaders in the world respect and in turn will get respect back. This can be linked to class discussion as a "rule of thumb." there may not be a law stating that Obama has to accept gifts from other leaders but the pros outweigh the cons. For example, if Obama were to deny the gift (the book concerning colonialism from Chavez) because of the literal content there would probably be major repercussions. Chavez could possibly be offended and may not want to work with Obama in the future. It may be weird to see these acts of courtesy and respect from the president simply because Bush set such a different example with the "power over" approach. But what is coercing other leaders within social interaction going to do for us as a nation, not just Obama? If Obama were to take the "power over" approach he could very likely create a sense of defiance among other political leaders and in turn will not get respect from them. This can be compared to the dress code effect we discussed in class. For example, "the big bully" on the playground may be strong and powerful but is anyone going to want to work with him let alone look out for his best interest? I don't think so... and besides, the bully's are usually all cowards in the end anyways. On the contrary, if Obama shows the others compassion and respect, other political leaders won’t just be willing to work with him but will actually look forward to it. Imagine that! There are possible repercussions when flaunting a sign of power. I think it is pretty well known that the US is big and powerful and in control of many situations; why not lower the ego a little bit and show some respect in order to get some back....
just a side note: I though it was pretty interesting how Obama has the upper hand within the hand shake in the picture above. This is actually a sign of power. In other words, he is the leader in this situation simply because of the body language. Some leaders have even got in pushing contests because of the battle for the sign of power (like walking into the door last).
Andrew Degoede — April 21, 2009
I think the "politics of dignity" is better way of going about our international relations than the past hegemonic way. As you pointed out, we may no longer be able to have the power over other countries, and getting compliance this way is rarely the best way to do so. By just accepting the other countries views and taking them to thought we are not harming are image. I dont follow presidential news closely, but i did catch the topic of him bowing to the Saudi Arabian leader and how much of this "politics of wuss" was stirred up because of it. But it was also mentioned that president Bush's encounters with the same man were no more 'submitting' than those of Obama. There are even pictures shown of Bush holding hands and kissing the leader on the cheek.
http://videocafe.crooksandliars.com/heather/daily-show-and-colbert-report-mock-obama-bow
ChrisJohnston — April 21, 2009
I think that Obama's "power to" approach is brilliant. He is showing some of the most important leaders in the world respect and in turn will get respect back. This can be linked to class discussion as a "rule of thumb." there may not be a law stating that Obama has to accept gifts from other leaders but the pros outweigh the cons. For example, if Obama were to deny the gift (the book concerning colonialism from Chavez) because of the literal content there would probably be major repercussions. Chavez could possibly be offended and may not want to work with Obama in the future. It may be weird to see these acts of courtesy and respect from the president simply because Bush set such a different example with the "power over" approach. But what is coercing other leaders within social interaction going to do for us as a nation, not just Obama? If Obama were to take the "power over" approach he could very likely create a sense of defiance among other political leaders and in turn will not get respect from them. This can be compared to the dress code effect we discussed in class. For example, "the big bully" on the playground may be strong and powerful but is anyone going to want to work with him let alone look out for his best interest? I don't think so... and besides, the bully's are usually all cowards in the end anyways. On the contrary, if Obama shows the others compassion and respect, other political leaders won’t just be willing to work with him but will actually look forward to it. Imagine that! There are possible repercussions when flaunting a sign of power. I think it is pretty well known that the US is big and powerful and in control of many situations; why not lower the ego a little bit and show some respect in order to get some back....
just a side note: I though it was pretty interesting how Obama has the upper hand within the hand shake in the picture above. This is actually a sign of power. In other words, he is the leader in this situation simply because of the body language. Some leaders have even got in pushing contests because of the battle for the sign of power (like walking into the door last)..
Don Waisanen — April 21, 2009
Two things:
a) Where is the "politics of wuss" in the executive command to go shoot the Somali pirates?
b) It seems to me that, yet again (this goes back to Plato), we're getting a politics of the Right which puts very little faith in the ability of language and communication to effect change in the world. These critiques often assume strict divides between human "speech" and "action", as if the "action" occurs in a vacuum completely divorced from the symbolic. Between three communication types--noble selves, rhetorical reflectors, and rhetorically sensitives (see http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=rhetorical%20sensitivity&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=ws), we're also seing the classic "noble self" asserting itself--which decades of communication research bears out as one of the worst approaches to diplomacy.
It's worth remembering Obama's own non-wussy words on this:
“Don’t tell me words don’t matter. “I have a dream.” Just words? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” Just words? “We have nothing to fear but fear its self”—just words? Just speeches?” (Shafer, Feb 19, 2008) -- Don
dwaisane — April 22, 2009
Two things:
a) Where is the "politics of wuss" in the executive command to go shoot the Somali pirates?
b) It seems to me that, yet again (this goes back to Plato), we're getting a politics of the Right which puts very little faith in the ability of language and communication to effect change in the world. These critiques often assume strict divides between human "speech" and "action", as if the "action" occurs in a vacuum completely divorced from the symbolic. Between three communication types--noble selves, rhetorical reflectors, and rhetorically sensitives (see http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=rhetorical%20sensitivity&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=ws), we're also seeing the classic "noble self" asserting itself in these objections.
It's worth remembering Obama's own non-wussy words on this:
“Don’t tell me words don’t matter. “I have a dream.” Just words? “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.” Just words? “We have nothing to fear but fear its self”—just words? Just speeches?” (Shafer, Feb 19, 2008) -- Don
Allison Wachtel — April 24, 2009
I agree wholeheartedly with the "power to" approach. One of the main arguments that has been made in favor of the "power over" approach is that many of our opponents, particularly Middle Eastern countries, are socially and culturally disposed to favoring powerful figures, especially males, and that an administration that admits to past wrongs and attends to foreign custom by bowing to other leaders only invites attack by transmitting messages of weakness. But what of the alternative? If Obama strode through Afghanistan, knocking things over and proclaiming America's greatness, wouldn't that hurt more than help our cause? How would that (and if you have any doubts, just look at what happened in the Middle East under the Bush administration) do anything BUT anger Middle Eastern leaders and affirm their beliefs that America is an arrogant (and even satanic) country? The point is, no matter the policy or the facts, individuals will always view situations through their own frames. If they are determined to regard America in a negative light, we might as well conduct ourselves in a manner consistent with our own principles of democracy, equality, and progress.
Scott Bergemann — April 24, 2009
http://www.andrewtisonthecut.com/2009/04/clinton-2-dickless-republicans-0.html...I believe this clip says it all. The "Power to" approach that Obama is taking has worked in the past. In order to make international diplomatic progress conversation must be opened and negations must be made. The manner in which Obama interacted with Chavez does not make the U.S. look weak or compromised, but rather ready and willing to start a long awaited improved diplomatic relationship with Venezuela. No foreign country is going to react positively to the "Power over" approach; it's a hostile and unproductive way to conduct most foreign relations. The less aggressive approach Obama is taking will improve the U.S. relations globally, especially with the countries that threaten global security.