As we move closer to what may very well be a milestone in America’s Racial History, it’s instructive to look back on where we came. I’m having my race and politics class look through a brilliant interactive site on racial expulsions put together by the Austin American Statesman newspaper in 2006. The investigative journalists working on the series found, along with numerous instances of town expulsions:
14 countywide expulsions in eight states between 1864 and 1923, in which more than 4,000 blacks were driven out. These are only the most extreme examples of a widespread pattern.
These expulsions were not pretty sights. Here’s an account from the intro to the Austin American Statesman series of an expulsion in Marshall County, Kentucky:
vigilantes led by a local doctor posted notices in 1908 telling blacks to leave. When that failed, more than 100 armed and hooded men raided the town of Birmingham, picked about a dozen people at random and tortured them. Nearly two-thirds of the blacks left, and the most recent census showed only 37 blacks among the 30,125 people living in Marshall County.
The series coincided with Elliot Jasper’s 2007 book on racial expulsion entitled Buried in the Bitter Waters which details the story of countywide racial expulsions throughout the United States. Here’s an NPR piece on racial expulsion in Corbin, Kentucky. the site includes an excerpt from Jasper’s book.
How do we make sense of this history today? it’s particularly poignant to me to see an African-American candidate for president with a reasonable chance of winning the majority vote in three of the four states featured in the Austin American Statesman piece (Georgia, Indiana, Missouri).
Which aspect of the interactive series was the most interesting to you and why?
Comments 49
King Politics — October 30, 2008
It's a tremendously sad state of affairs. I know when I cover the Tulsa Race Riots, few, if any of my students have even heard of the riots. I wonder it's the same with your students learning about the expulsions.
jose — October 30, 2008
It's the same with my students. How do you cover the material? I'm trying to tie it to racial prejudice and inequality today, but it's a tough leap for Sophomores. It's hard to move students from "That's sad, but it's the past"
Khoa Nguyen — October 31, 2008
The past is the past, but it still left a scar. An analogy could be a child falling into a pond when he was young, he then grew up with a fear of ponds. Similarly, African Americans have the inconfidence as a result of those stories. Whites have then white guilt. That creates isolation.
Nevertheless, younger generations don't grow up with those stories anymore and they interact with people from different races more. Therefore, they are more open and less concrete.
For me, the most interesting stories in the series is the one in Comanche County "Mother, Daughter faced down hatred". I do admire both of them for crossing over the hatred line and survive in such a place. I am sure there are more and more people like that nowadays. That must be the reason why such stories don't hapen so often anymore. Obama is a perfect illustration of crossover. Let's see where race relation will go after Nov 4.
Bri Aleman — October 31, 2008
The expulsion in Forsyth County was a brutal reaction to the [claim of] rape and murder of a white woman. Sadly, this African-American hate by Whites didn't take place in the early nineteen hundreds, but 1987. How could we call ourselves postracist when blacks were driven from a county through intimidation and threats? A march in Forsyth county was supposed to take place to honor MLK JR and demonstrate civil rights, but instead the KKK and other White supremicist groups proved they hadnt moved on from their hateful past.
Maria S. — October 31, 2008
The Marshall County event in Kentucky is an event that can’t be predictable. One can’t really make sense of why the event happened. Insolating a race and deciding that they don’t belong isn’t right. White guilt plays into the account after the event has occurred. Realizing after the fact that what they have done is wrong. Blacks have been seen as minorities yet the United States is about to make history with an African American candidate for president. Today society is so diverse this kind of event wouldn’t be seen because we have all grown up with a diverse society.
Rochelle McCarthy — October 31, 2008
Events like this in history could explain why certain areas of the country have such a small population of African Americans, and why some parts have a large population. Blacks were forced to flock to places where their lives wouldn't be threatened just for being a different race. It is particularly interesting to me to see that three states who have a history of driving blacks out and torturing and killing them are now coming together to vote for a black president. I think this just shows that America is getting more and more colorblind and accepting.
Emily — October 31, 2008
One of the things that struck me about the series was in looking at the numbers of black residents in the county after the expulsions took place. Numbers of black residents were only now starting to improve in the 200's, and were still not as high as they had been pre 1923. It is interesting to me that these same states are most likely going to elect a black president next week, when 80 years ago, they were ready to kill black people just to send a message.
In regards to that, i think our society has come a long way from where we were in the earlier part of last century, however i think there still are racial issues to deal with. What would be interesting to see would be polls from those counties alone, and see how they compare to the whole state. Have those counties with expulsions in their past overcome their racial tendencies, or have they grown up in a society where that was the norm? If that is the case, could there be such a thing as an area-specific Bradley affect, targeting only small pockets of the US with extremely racist pasts. There could be many reasons why blacks are still not living in those counties today.
Adam Lotspike — October 31, 2008
We have come a long, long way since the late 1800's/early 1900's as far as race relations; and equal rights in general. Some of those states on the interactive website, just 20 to 50 years earlier, supported slavery, and the treatment that came along with it. At the times of these expulsions, two completely different groups were living together, and one group thinking they were superior over the other, the whites. I am not condoning these actions of expulsion, but due to the proximity to the Emancipation Proclamation, the events that followed could have been predicted and possibly prevented.
Since this unacceptable time in our country's past, we have (for the most part) come to the understanding that EVERYONE is equal. I believe that a black presidential candidate says a lot about how far we have come in race relations in the United States.
Gregory R. — October 31, 2008
By electing an African american president people are not making up for the past. Instead they are voting for a poor reason. People need to understand that are past is important, but it is something that we can never make up for. To vote based solely on race is to waste a vote that could decide the future strength of the American economy.
neelix — October 31, 2008
I think that making sense of this unbearable history is difficult. Its a history that we seem to just shun away and try not to recall. As seen in some of the interviews on the interactive website showed that they just say, "it was history and thats it". This brings me to think that they are ashaimed of their ancestors history and fear bringing about issues that touch "nerves" so to speak. On the other hand there were a few interviews where they discussed in openly and were appalled at the actions that had taken place. Since almost no one that took part in these actions are alive today, most people now, even though their parents or family could have been part of these events, have conformed with society to socially accepting different races and ethnicities as a necessary precaution for survival in America today considering many immigrants and different races and so forth are everywhere. This is why people in those states (most) are voting for Obama, because times are changing and jumping on the band wagon is necessary to be apart of society. The most interesting aspect of the website to me was the different videos composed with interviews of up to date locals in the counties and reflections on their history. There was one in particular that caught my attention where their was a rally that black marchers needed a bus to protect them as they marched down the streets of the county. On the other side of the bus were white racist shouting racial slurs, throwing broken bottles, and waving confederate flags. this happened in the 80s which is what was so interesting to me to show that even after martin luther king and JFK changed the face of the country people did not conform with society which contradicts my proposition. I think that its only been in our generation and maybe the previous where race, ethnicity, and multiculturalism has spread through the world as acceptable and normal.
Edward Bedigian — October 31, 2008
The most interesting aspect of the interactive website would have to be the video section of all the countries that experienced racial expulsion. To be honest I never knew the severity of these events till recently, studying and learning about them. It is almost astonishing to me that an African American has such a high chance of becoming our next president after learning about these things that took place in our early history. To me this proves that we truly are color blind generation to people in our society… but only time will tell if the polls are accurate and if people truly are going to vote for Obama.
McKenzie — October 31, 2008
To me, the most interesting part of the interactive series was the fact that there are still areas where it is dangerous for African Americans to live. I know there is racism in the world, but I did not realize it is to the degree where it is unsafe in certain areas. I think it is ridiculous that whites (primarily) think they have the right to decide who belongs somewhere and who doesn't. We really have grown so much as a country, but to say that we are colorblind in all areas of the world would be a lie. Racism still exists and it is apparent we still have issues to move past.
Teresa Salazar — November 2, 2008
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. "
George Santayana (1863 - 1952), The Life of Reason, Volume 1, 1905
I beg to disagree that we have come a long way from the past, we still fail to understand the significance that those events have in our present. Such acts have forge ideas and forced people to live in certain set of minds, for instance as in the case of the Tulsa riots, blacks werent allow to better themselves that was a threat to whites, which left blacks in disadvantange in the past, and still in the present because yeah they may have equal opportunities just like everyone else, yet someone already has a headstart before them, whites. For instance putting in perspective blacks werent allowed to buy homes, yeah a long time ago, now they are, yet the prices and chances of owning aa house in this economy are low. However if their previous generation had owned a house, they would have to worry about that now. There is obviously issues, because there are some places were there are hardly any blacks in the area as some of the articles pointed out, and that is due to past history of the place.
we also lack the sensitivity to understand of the past this generation tends to blow it off as just the past, whats done its done, however we fail to see the big picture, where the past its the clue for a better future
however the fact that four of those states may vote for obama may mean that we are moving in a positive direction, one that not exactly mean that we are colorblind, but one that means people are less ignorant and are more willing to see beyond color, for the greater good.
derek martinez — November 2, 2008
The thing most intresting is to me was how over the years most people tend to forget things like this exist. I dont know whether to think that is a good thing or bad. the reason it can be good is people wont carry this racial hate that the ancestor left. that the same views that our ancestor had have completly turn around, but dont get me wrong things like racial hatered still exist but no the the extent that is was in the past.. blacks had to move out of these neighborhoods and this scar that was left in the past has shape the way we lived and where we lived. the past is in the past but the effect is has still have a hold on the country, but the good thing this country is starting to become colorblind and move to the goal of post racialism
michael azhocar — November 2, 2008
Every single story I heard in the interactive series was mind blowing. But the one that was most interesting to me was the expulsion in Forsyth County, Georgia. It all started with the rape and murder of a young white women. Three black males were charged for the rape and sentenced to death. this was used as an excuse to drive blacks out of the city. They were told that they had to leave by 12 o'clock that night. It think it was amazing how one crimminal case that supposedly involved a black man gave the whites of forsyth county the right to threaten the black familys with violence. Afraid for there lives they did leave. I found it interesting that some time later when a march was organized by blacks to remember Dr. Martin Luther King the same thing happened decades ago. There was no change. Blacks were still not welcomed and were forced out by mobs of racist white people. I found it kind of funny that the mayor of the town was surprised to find that the county had made no progress. This was really a eye opening experience for me i had never heard of cases involving expulsion. Every single american has the right to choose where they want to live and shouldnt have to fear for there life because of there race. Not only is it not fair it is unamerican. If we still have things going on like this then we have made no progress in the fight of racism.
tyler straeter — November 2, 2008
I think it is important to realize that these things are rarely talked about or brought up anymore and i feel that is true because our society, especially the white race, has begun to realize how wrong they were for such cruel acts. By having an African AMerican canidate and being accepting of him is a huge step in putting these actions behind us. It is almost as if you could look at it as a way to make up for such previous actions. Dont get me wrong though, you can never forget the past i just believe that we are making tremendous progress by keeping our minds open to change because an election like this would be unthinkable a few years ago.
Katelyn — November 2, 2008
The most interesting part to me was all the stories in each of the counties, and the one in Laurel, KY caught my eye. I can't believe that just because there is a black railroad construction crew doesn't mean that there will be more crime. The fact that blacks were herded up at gunpoint and threatened to leave after a night watchman was killed is wrong. You can't point the finger at someone because of race. I think that it is funny now that a black man might actually become president from the help of these those three states (Georgia, Indiana, and Missouri) that mistreated colored people back in the day. I don't know how to explain their actions but our country has grown and maybe people are actually becoming more accepting of different races. I don't think that everyone in the world is colorblind, but it is improving in some parts. What happened in the past was awful, and maybe unforgettable, but I think we can all move past it, especially if Obama becomes president.
Yeraldy — November 2, 2008
In Vermillion County, Indiana the Klan dictated what went on in the county, who could stay in town and who could not. I find it interesting that one of the men in the video respects his black neighbors for being hard workers and regrets that their child has to change schools because he is teased. This man notices race as does anyone else but he holds nothing against anyone because of their race. On the contrary, there is another man in the video who refers to African Americans with obscene words and says he does not want them in his town. It strikes me that some people still think the way ignorant people of the past approached race. While most of society is progressing and not processing race as a factor that affects how they interact with others in society, others still let that be the main aspect of how they treat people. Race will always be a part of society but the manner in which we deal with it is what matters.
Ryan — November 3, 2008
The most interesting part of the interactive series on racial expulsions was that many of the people interviewed, felt that these were issues not relevant to them. They felt it was not part of their responsibility, but was rather a part of the past. Thomas Harrison from Comanche County was asked why he felt that few blacks lived in his town. He replied by saying “There's nothing to keep them from living here if they really wanted to, but there's nothing here to make a living. We're a small community, and there's nothing here to attract them as far as jobs and industry or whatever they do.” This response shows the indifference that many people feel. The statistics provided from the website also show that in some areas of the United States, there is still a racist sentiment. While it may not be as overt as it was in the past, it still exists. People like Mr. Harrison need to realize that they can inspire change by looking to the events of the past.
Deanna — November 3, 2008
The most interesting part of the interactive series was that whites expelled blacks in fear of them taking away their jobs or other such reasons. They were in fear of their opportunities; not because of a specific incident happening. I think we are slightly beginning to overcome racism because based on the statistics of these counties it showed that the black population increased in the 2000's. Blacks finally feel that they can return to areas where others were forced to leave. But others may not even no of the expulsions in the area.
Our generation is so racially diverse that we are more accepting of others who are different. People are growing everyday to be open to others. Obama as the presidential nominee is a prime example of this. We aren't a completely colorblind nation but we are making a constant growth towards it.
John — November 3, 2008
I thought that the videos did a very good job of painting a picture of how life was back then and how racism affected peoples everyday life. It shows how racism was out of control, and how white people took matters into there own hands with little respect to the law. In the videos when people are talking trying to describe how it was, you can feel that the times took a toll on the view point. In the first video there is a white gentleman talking about how he had not seen a black man for the first many years of his life due to them being driven out in the years before. He is probably trying portray someone more post racial than his ancestors but he still says things like "one" or "them" showing that the marks of racism are still very visible.
Sammi — November 3, 2008
It's hard to believe that this racial expulsion took place a little over one-hundred years ago. The racial expulsion website that we read really opened my eyes to what really happened. Don't get me wrong, I knew what went on, but I never really thought about it to that extent; getting abused physically and verbally, just for being a person of color. I believe that today, people understand what happened, and that it was obviously wrong, but we know that it will not happen again. The United States has grown so much together and although there is still quite a bit of racism that occurs around the nation, the majority have moved on and do not even care to pay attention to the race of a friend, a neighbor, or anyone else.
I think that having a half African-American presidential candidate says a lot about how far our country has come and the potential for how far it can and will go. Barack Obama is doing extremely well in this election and has a great chance of actually winning against John Mc Cain. I think it shows that race is not as big of a deal anymore and we are finally moving on from the rough past together as one country and one nation.
Noelle — November 3, 2008
I think the map that showed an overview of the racial expulsions was particularly interesting because it broke things down and made it easier to really grasp how widespread the expulsions were. Every place on the map that is numbered experienced expulsion, and it's just crazy to me to see such extreme events taking place in multiple areas. I think it's harder today to completely understand the severity of past issues because we are separated from that in a sense. In some ways, it seems removed. I think we definitely are aware of the past and have an understanding that what happened is wrong, but I think we have improved a lot in racial issues so events like expulsion almost seem unrealistic. There are definitely still racial problems, but overall, they are more subtle or not as extreme.
Cameron Chandler — November 3, 2008
The site was very descriptive, and made me think about an issue that, although I had thought about before, but not nearly that in depth. The site was interesting, and although I thought it was intense I was a little perturbed that our history was so violent, I knew it was bad, but not that violent. It angered me that a DOCTOR led the group, part of the code that every doctor recites before he is allowed to practice medicine states, "keeping myself far from all intentional ill-doing". Which I am pretty sure means that leading the charge to torture and kill anyone is against the oath. It is hard, no matter who you are, to make sense of that history, it takes a lot to wrap your mind the fact that not terribly long ago the difference between life and painful slow death could very well have been the color of your skin. I am not sure what my 'favorite' part of the site was, I, for lack of better term, enjoyed, looking at the entire site, because the things that were said were interesting, to say the least.
Erin Kim — November 3, 2008
Racial hatred and malicious targeting towards ethnic groups created these expulsions. In order to make sense of this history today, I think we need to look at the mistakes society has made and try to improve ourselves on them. And in doing so we may be able to prevent future incidents such as these past expulsions. The most interesting aspect of the interactive series was the one on Vermillion County, Indiana because in that series there were white people who talked about blacks as normal human beings instead of speaking of them as a second-class people. It was good to see a diversification from people who live in a town where there is still open racism. This shows that people have changed and have opened their eyes to their past histories in their state. This especially shows in that Obama has the winning majority vote in Indiana. However, this could also be due to new residents residing in Indiana who are making this difference.
Greg Wallis — November 3, 2008
As unfortunate as these stories are and white supremacists hatred on blacks is, it is something that happened and we as a nation need to continue to work on. It is not unheard of for one group to have stereotypes and unwarranted hatreds of another group, even in the United States you kind find other racial groups who commit hate acts against each other, in fact there are even situations of blacks discriminating against whites. However with the predominant race in the United States being white they are the bad guys. So when a nation that has a history of racial hatred and is still predominantly the race that committed those terrible acts it does say a lot in the means of progress for a black candidate that has a legitimate chance of being President. An issue that comes to mind is that many voters may be voting for Obama just because he is black and don't know his viewpoints on the issues and his plans for our country, they are irrelevant to some, they would rather see a black man as our President because of the statement that would make towards equality for all.
Jon-Erik — November 3, 2008
Racial Expulsion can still be found today. Like I said in class the Jena 6 is an example. I found this video that explains better the racial expulsion happening in the city of Jena. For example: a white man in Jena pulled a shotgun on three black kids. The black kids wrestled the gun away from him. When the police came the White man was never charged but the three black kids were arrested for theft of a firearm.
Here is the video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuoiZnr4jLY
Juaaaan — November 3, 2008
it is hard to make sense of these expulsions, i personally did not even know hatred and demonstrations of it like this had taken place in America. what is more impressive to me is that these tragic events took place relatively, not so long ago. i cannot really wrap my mind around why people would want to drive other human beings away and threaten them and even abuse them simply because of their skin, but also hard to understand is how the same country that once discriminated now wants to elect an african american to lead the nation. this shows a progress towards post racism, but i cant help but wonder exactly how much and in what ways the country has evolved when it comes to racial tolerance.
Lizzy Schmitter — November 3, 2008
We've always known that America has had a history of terrible race relations and we've learned about slavery, the Civil War, and even the Civil Rights movement since we were very young. However, it's always been spoken about like it was so far in the past. I know that every time I learned about any of these topics, I just thought "Wow, it's good we're not like that anymore," or something along those lines. I think it's a state of mind that a lot of us have grown up with. We think racial conflict is a part of the past, just as much as slavery or Jim Crow laws are. We've never lived it, as many of our parents have, and although I know that there are still people who are outwardly racist, I think most of us look at them as an out group in our society. This doesn't mean that we don't still draw boundaries along racial lines or stereotype based on race. These things still occur every day but I just don't think that we as a generation have grown up even thinking about ideas such as racial expulsion, which is why we are able to elect an African American president.
kelly — November 3, 2008
I watched the videos "Live or Die". We all know that racial expulsion has made history and whether we want to believe it or not is still there. The reason why is still exists is simply because of history. History builds our present and dictates our future. We can change our future but unconsciously , we build up our thoughts and ideas on the past; past experience or history. The videos were helpful and what struck me most was that some of the people with the most respectful jobs were leaders and members. I think the reason why i got so mad was because i trully believe that education carries a major role and that through education, you can change your beliefs just because your knowledge is broaden. The leaders proved me that even through education, things do not always change. It showed me that people are people, not perfect but still not willing to accept changes. The videos portrayed the life of black people among the klan and it is impressive how people are so narrow minded. This makes me think about the election, all of the fuss that the election brings with it will be gone in 1 day. Things might change for the better or the worse. But one thing is sure, if Obama wins, the election 08 will make history. If he loses, he will still make history but people will forget about OBAMA09 running for the elections, people will forget about racial expulsion, racial discrimination.
Kjrstin — November 3, 2008
The whole interactive series was interesting to me, especially because I was mostly unaware of events like this happening. I was astonished to learn that some of these lynchings, beatings and riots were caused by harmless events, blown way out of proportion, like the case of the young man and the girl in the elevator.
It was noted earlier though, that Obama is winning the majority vote in three out of the four states that were mentioned in the interactive series. This makes me very hopeful for the future of our country. Of course we still have a long way to go, but at least we are showing tremendous progress.
Danika — November 3, 2008
I feel that our country has come a long way in regard to racism, but unfortunately it still exists. Racial expulsion is a form of racism which is caused by whites forcing african americans out of their homes in order to make a white community. Sadly, this continues to exist in society today as well.
I looked up racial expulsion and one thing that I found interesting is how african americans describe what is going on when asked "What is racial expulsion like today?"
"The expulsions still tug at our world. Many African Americans interviewed explained how they still view the country as a kind of checkerboard where some squares remain too dangerous to land. While the specifics of a particular expulsion may be lost, the dangerous specter of these places has been passed by word of mouth."
I thought the idea of a checkerboard was unique, but very accurate to how things are nowadays. With this occurring, I found it very interesting that Obama could very well win Georgia, Indiana, and Missouri whch are states that displayed much racial expulsion in the past. Does this mean that things really are turning around and that we are becoming a colorblind nation?
Kendra Carter — November 3, 2008
The interactive website was very helpful because it provided information that isn't really ever talked about. I know that I've never heard of these particular incidents. The events that occured in Comanche County, Texas and Lawrence County, Missouri rest in the past. However, scars are still going to subconciously remain for those who are directly affected by it. It's thought that misfortunes such as those that occured in the four states can't exist in the 21st century, but then you have incidents like the Jena Six. This just goes to show that history does repeat itself. As a result, it's understandable why Obama has a chance of winning the majority of votes in Georgia, Indiana, and Missouri. Voters are going to keep the past in mind when determining what they want for their future.
Jordan Cox — November 3, 2008
The U.S. has always had trouble with the history of race relations. It is a black mark on the History of the U.S. in which people don't like to talk about it. It is in the past, but the expulsions and the events that occurred is apart of us and that won't ever be forgotten. It is terrible to hear what happened with blacks getting tortured and driven out of the towns because of their race. I think that our society today has changed and have become colorblind to race for the most part. Racism still occurs today but it is not as bad as it was.
With the elections just around the corner, it is very interesting to see what is going to happen. Obama is winning the majority right now and in three out of the four states that were mentioned. I think that if Obama wins the election, race relations will only improve in the years to come.
Richard Muclahey — November 3, 2008
The most interesting interactive in this series is that racism is still going on in this country. The thing i hear from people about there views on Obama just amaze me because i have never thought about anything like that. For example those lady's that were in the you tube videos saying they wanted all the Mexicans out of the US. When i grew up i never had racism around me, but once again i have never traveled out side of California so i don't really know how it is in other states. But once again everyone is human and should be treated equal to everyone no matter what color skin they have. I know there is racism out there but i just don't understand why because I don't think like a racist person does.
Tadd Ekstrand — November 3, 2008
Its amazing how alive racism is still alive in America today. The statistics that they showed were incredible. Everyone talks about us being in a post-racial society but this is proof that racism is still prevalent in America today. In Vermillation County, the poplulation was 85% black in 1920 and it drops all the way down to 20% in 1930. That is a huge decrees in population.
Tyler Lee — November 3, 2008
I think these events with racial expulsion are a part of our history. They are a serious and very negative part of it. We do not have anything to this extent in the present day but there are still subtle types of racial expulsion. I think that we need to remember these parts of our history so we don't make the mistake of repeating them. We can not blindly forget about what happened or else it might happen again. I think we are slowly moving into a post-racial society but I don't think electing Obama would be the biggest step. It is a huge step but I still don't think it is going to get rid of racism. It seems like everyone is over exaggerating that Obama being elected will pretty much clear our past and move us into a post-racial society, but I wouldn't go that far.
Grant Berg — November 3, 2008
The remembrance and dissemination of America's racial cleansings is a crucial part of our nation's dark past that more citizens need to be aware of. I had personally never heard of these kind of actions and was appalled--but not surprised--when I learned that they took place. The knowledge that the same type of racial purges that have been conducted in places such as the former Yugoslavia in the 90's and Rwanda in 1994 were carried out on a large scale, albeit with less violence, in at least 14 counties across the United States is haunting. Acknowledging and spreading awareness of these actions is not just for symbolism's sake. Firstly, it will reinforce the notion of how vicious white subjugations of blacks was in the Jim Crow era, and secondly, it reminds us that the towns and counties with racial expulsions in their past present important race-based issues to deal with. The past of these places didn't just die with the passing of the 20th century: blacks experience discrimination and under representation in communities like Forsythe County and Pierce City today. Students and citizens of America need to know of this country's racial expulsions, lest the pains and lessons of such events fade into the past without the justice of being known--and used.
Jessica Forsythe — November 4, 2008
It is truly amazing what an impact racial diversity has had on the United States. The Civil War, the 14th and 15th amendment, the grandfather clauses, and the KKK are taught in schools. However, reading these articles showed me a completely different perspective on America's racial past. It brought to light specific instances where race was a huge problem. I was slightly surprised and very disgusted when I read these articles. It is hard to believe the amount of hatred that was directed towards minorities. Furthermore, it is even harder to understand that these instances happened relatively recently in American history. I hope that the upcoming election will show that America is overcoming its tainted racial past.
Kristiann Lopez — November 4, 2008
The most interesting part for me was the fact that I learned how extreme some people feel about race. I’ve heard of many extreme forms of racism, but always just thought it was in history - not relevant today. But the fact that these things have happened so recently surprised me. I do believe that these beliefs are only shared by a small percentage of people and there will always people with radical ideas. As a whole though America has lessened racial expulsion and the things that are happening now aren’t even close to what has happened in the past. Hopefully, as the years go by and new generations are born racial expulsion really will become a thing of the past.
Romero — November 5, 2008
the most interesting part for me was how the people were so determined to get the blacks out of their area. Rather than logically looking at their situation and solving the problem through communication, they had to resort to violence. It sad to think that eventually they led to the torture of blacks to scare them away. This is ridiculous and i cant believe that the country that i live in stood for something like this. Who knows what will happen if we have an African American President. I believe that we live in a post racial society, but there still definately is some racism, and i believe that a large event will happen that will reverse all of our progress on racism.
Sociological Images » INTERACTIVE WEBSITE ON RACIAL EXPULSIONS — November 9, 2008
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mwerring — December 3, 2008
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