Fun fact: because the right side of the brain is more involved in processing emotions than the left and each side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body, the left side of the face is generally more expressive.
We humans must know this on some unconscious level, because self-portraits (or “selfies“) tend to feature the left side of the face more often than the right. In fact, real portraits — you know, painted by artists — show the same bias going all the way back to the 16th century.
I borrow these fascinating insights from a blog post by Owen Churches, a psychologist who wanted to know if all types of people leaned towards showing their emotional side, or if there were exceptions. He and his colleagues decided to look at academics, collecting 5,829 head shots appearing on professors’ faculty pages. He found that English and Psychology professors were most likely to pose in ways that drew attention to the left side of their face, but Engineering professors did not. This, Churches writes, “suggests that these hard scientists seek to display themselves to the world as the unemotional clichés of popular myth.”
So, I thought I’d do a little experiment. I collected the head shots of everyone in the sociology department at my college, Occidental, and everyone in the physics department (we don’t have engineering, alas). Trend holds!
Lisa Wade, PhD is an Associate Professor at Tulane University. She is the author of American Hookup, a book about college sexual culture; a textbook about gender; and a forthcoming introductory text: Terrible Magnificent Sociology. You can follow her on Twitter and Instagram.
Comments 29
Umlud — August 21, 2013
In Japan, it's far more common to see straight-on photographs than either right-side or left-side features.
From Waseda University:
School of Social Sciences:
http://www.waseda.jp/sss/en/about_school/staff.html
Law School:
http://www.waseda.jp/hougakubu/english/about_school/staff.html
Department of Human Sciences:
http://www.waseda.jp/human/school/english/about_school/staff.html
Sport Sciences:
http://www.waseda.jp/sports/supoka/english/about_school/staff.html
Even in the "hard sciences", like Physics (but you'll have to open each profile individually):
http://www.phys.waseda.ac.jp/faculty
etc., etc., etc.
The straight-on profile photo is also common in Taiwan and China. For example:
National Taiwan University Department of History
http://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~history/e_Faculty.htm
KoGuan Law School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
http://law.sjtu.edu.cn/En/Article110302.aspx
Japaniard — August 21, 2013
What reason would engineers possible have to actively "seek to display themselves to the world as the unemotional clichés of popular myth”?
Wouldn't it make more sense that professors outside of the humanities are less likely to know (consciously or unconsciously) that showing the left side of their face would make them appear more expressive, and thus just default to looking straight at the camera?
Rich — August 21, 2013
Since the "left brain/right brain" dichotomy has largely proved inaccurate (for example, see this recent PLoS paper: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0071275), this trend seems more like social conditioning about what portraits should look like, rather than what kind of person they are trying to be portrayed as. It's a strange way to try and frame this observation.
doc.embee — August 21, 2013
I agree with Rich and Umlud both. It seems more likely to be a cultural construction than a psychological question.
I'm not sure where these "selfies" come from, but I am suspecting Facebook images. If this is the case, the image is located in the upper left of the page, and a "left exposure" would face the left frame of the page. In an artistic sense, this creates a "tension" in the picture, while the photo of the right facing figure seems resolved. This is, of course, a social construction of Western Art and not due to some psychological phenomenon. We need more information.
Eve — August 21, 2013
Others have discussed the problem with the entire hypothesis, but I don't even see evidence that the trend holds. First of all the pictures are not labelled as to which are sociologists and which are physicists, so there's no way to tell if the trend holds.
Secondly, I count 6 pictures where the person is mostly looking straight ahead (even if their shoulders aren't square to the camera), and 2 (the first two on the left in the top row) where the right side of their face is turned toward the camera. There are 2 who clearly have their left face turned toward the camera, because we can see their left ear (#4 in top row and #3 in bottom row).
Then there are ones I'm having trouble classifying. I can see the left ear on #6 in bottom row, but is that just because the other ear is hidden by hair? And the left side of the face is in shadow, which diminishes emphasis on it. Finally, #1 in bottom row is hard to call – I think we would see her left ear but not the right if the haircut were different. In any case it is not a strong demonstration.
That makes the tally: 6 straight aheads, 2 clear right, 2 clear left, 1 maybe slightly left, and 1 conflicting (left ear showing, but left face in shadow). It's going to take a lot stronger evidence than that to move me away from the null hypothesis.
Paige — August 21, 2013
Silly me, I assumed most selfies were taken that way because most people are right handed and you turn towards the hand holding the camera.
Michelle — August 22, 2013
My FB is the right side of the face facing the camera. But then I had a self timer.
Umlud — August 22, 2013
Ah, I think I know where things are falling down and getting social construction heavily embedded within the assessment (and likely - therefore - completely invalidating this beyond a "Western construct").
From the methodology of the study:
Immediately we have a massive bias, since the majority of universities among the top 200 in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings are drawn from Western countries. Going there, you can see that 18 of the top 200 universities are not from a Western country. (Here, I'm including South Africa and Israel as Western; if you want to deny the massive Western influence in tertiary education in those countries, the number of non-Western universities goes to 21 out of the top 200.) So, you immediately start with only 9% of universities among the top 200 as belonging non-Western cultures, and the likelihood of any one of them being chosen is (at best) 18/171 (which is the likelihood of a non-Western university to be chosen as the 30th random university, given no non-Western university had been chosen before). But that's not the only selection criteria:
So this will also act as a barrier to exclude non-Western universities, since even pre-eminent Asian universities (like the Tokyo University) don't always use English on their websites. And finally, there's this:
It's rather "fishy" that the methodology splits the groups into only left and right and that the straight-on photos (which constitute the vast majority of Japanese, Taiwanese, Chinese, and - likely - South Korean photos) are dropped in the analysis. This only further biases the results to Western universities.
So let's look at how this study cannot claim universality:
1. It uses a list that contains only 18 non-Western universities out of 200.
2. It randomly selects 30 universities from that list.
3. It excludes websites not in English.
4. It excludes photos that conform to the major style of faculty profile photograph in East Asia.
And then it uses this heavily skewed methodology to make this apparently universally applicable conclusion:
Note: the authors make no mention about cultural bias anywhere in their paper.
EDITED for formatting issues.
Maeghan — August 22, 2013
I think brain function has been shown to be way more interconnected and complicated than just "left-brain/right-brain." It looks like we're really oversimplifying things here. Even a brief Google search returned this (abstract) result: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7760297 which states that "The left side of the face was more expressive for intermediate intensity expressions of happiness and for least intense expressions of happiness and sadness. The right side of the face was more expressive for most intense expressions of happiness and sadness."
This separate full study also suggests that things are more complicated: http://www.andrewpickin.com/uploads/Facial_Asymmetry_and_Emotional_Expression.pdf
Wehaf — August 23, 2013
If "these hard scientists seek to display themselves to the world as the unemotional clichés of popular myth", why are they all smiling?
Did any thought at all go into this post?
Trish — August 23, 2013
The most interesting sociological aspect of this post was the necessity to determine who were the sociologists and who were the physicists. Perhaps Prof. Wade should add a voting app to analyze the personal and popular perception of the sciences and the humanities. As a trained artist and art historian, I agree with the other comments that point out that the examples offered are far from definitive in establishing the hypothesis. .
Brutus — August 24, 2013
Is the correlation stronger or weaker if you draw it along gender or sex lines rather than departmental?
boomheadshot — August 24, 2013
I wonder what you'd make of these, then.
http://academicheadshots.tumblr.com/