The splashy introduction of the new LEGO friends line earlier this year stirred up a lot of controversy. My goal with this set of posts is to provide some historical perspective for the valid concerns raised in this heated debate.
1932-1977: The Brick Era
The LEGO Group started as a family business with the motto “only the best is good enough.” The company produced primarily wooden toys for the first two decades of its existence. It wasn’t until 1958 that the iconic LEGO brick was patented as we know it today. LEGO bricks were originally marketed as toys for both boys and girls. The 60s saw the introduction of new elements to the LEGO system like wheels, windows and hinges. Marketing images from this era tend to feature boys and girls equally.
In the 70s we encounter the first LEGO theme marketed specifically at girls: Homemaker. The sets aren’t very different from the rest of the products offered at that time (there’s some bricks and you build stuff), but the pictures of smiling girls playing with the sets clearly mark them as “girls only.” Homemaker sets are clearly meant to be furniture for dolls.
Dolls are popular toys, so finding ways to integrate the LEGO experience into this existing model of play was a shrewd business strategy for TLG, but one that nevertheless perpetuated stereotypes.
The 70s also saw TLG experimenting with different types of human-like figures. The first figures (sometimes called maxifigs to contrast with their later mini brethren) were built from regular LEGO bricks and new head pieces. These appeared in a line of sets with the uninspired name “LEGO Building Sets with People.” These line as a whole was marketed at both boys and girls, but some sets were more targeted. Co-existing for a brief period with the maxifig was a proto-minifigure. The minifig we all know and love today was next.
1978-1988: The Golden Era
In 1978 the minifigure first appeared as we know it today and, after an awkward period of co-existence with the maxifigs, the “minifig” became the standard for tiny plastic people. The minifig is now as iconic as the LEGO brick and equally important in defining the LEGO brand, over the years has tried to introduce other types of figures, but none of them have the staying power of the minifig.For the next decade LEGO minifigs existed in a gender neutral utopia. One can argue that the hairstyles are slightly gendered, but keep in mind that unisex hairstyles were all the rage at the time. When people talk about wanting to get back to the “good old days” of LEGO, this is generally the decade they are referring to.
In response to the LEGO Friends launch a lot of people have been passing around these images from an early 80s ad campaign:Even at this time, however, LEGO was promoting gendered play. The short-lived Scala Jewelry theme, for example was a major deviation from the core LEGO product line. There is virtually no building in these sets, they are completely superficial — a triumph of style over substance.
Contrast this with Technic, which is all substance and no style. These complicated sets (originally called Expert builder sets) are clearly for boys. Boys also seem to have taken over LEGO trains. It’s great that TLG provides a range of products for builders of all skill levels, but why is it that the products for girls are always on the low-skill side of the spectrum and the high-skill side always reserved for boys?
The segregation of LEGO into feminine and masculine sets would escalate in the next 15 yrs, however, and I’ll cover that development in the next installment.
Read Part II of A Historical Perspective on the LEGO Gender Gap.
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David Pickett is a social media marketer by day and a LEGO animator by night. He is fanatical about LEGO and proud to be a nerd. Read more from David at Thinking Brickly.
Comments 91
A LEGO fanatic Mum — May 8, 2012
As much as the "Homemaker" series (didn't realize that was what it was called) can be noted as "for girls", I really wish they would bring something back that was similar. (Clearly my requests to LEGO have fallen on deaf ears!) Out of all of my LEGO, my kids (2 boys, 1 girl) love the cupboards, sinks, tvs, etc. from my Homemaker sets as they are great additions to the houses they build from the rest of my LEGO.
I know your post is focused on the gender gap in LEGO but it is worthwhile noting that in all of the mini-figures that LEGO has built/designed, it appears there are only two that actually have black skin. The basketball players. Really LEGO?
Tyson — May 8, 2012
very interesting. thanks. I look forward to the next installment.
Galen — May 8, 2012
I was born in 1979, and grew up with vast quantities of Legos during the "golden era," so I'm finding this very interesting. I wonder, though, about the idea that the early minifigures "existed in a gender neutral utopia." The trick, of course, is that there are so few features that clearly identify gender, so it's possible that I was simply projecting my own gender identification onto the unmarked figures. But we live in a society where the default presumption is that unmarked figures are male, and I think the evidence suggests that the manufacturers were working from that perspective too.
I always thought that the gendering of the hair was pretty clear during the 80s. The unisex haircut theory is interesting, but certainly as a child in upstate NY in, say, 1986, I had no doubt which hair pieces were male and which were female. It would be interesting to do a study of the distribution of hair through the product line--how many male and female hair pieces would you have if you bought one of each product in the line in a given year?
In the early days, though, hair was actually a rarity, because most sets came with figures who wore hats. Occupation hats are, arguably, gender neutral--the fire hat, the construction hat, the motorcycle helmet--but there's also a generic hat which came in many colors and was worn by figures who weren't necessarily wearing uniforms. It looks like a dutch fisherman's cap and, more to the point, it looks like a piece of generic male headwear. (In fact, it seems that in the original LEGOLAND minifigures, which predated the standard minifigures, the only hair was female hair, and the rest of the figures wore the fisherman's cap or a cowboy hat.) That same male-coded hat is worn by police officers, because it also resembles a police uniform hat, but of course it carries its male signification with it. If one career hat looks male, other career hats are start to look male too. Combine that with the fact that most of the Town playsets are profession-oriented, and most of the professions are male-dominated (and were even more male-dominated in the 1980s). All of these factors conspire to create the impression that the minifigure is male by default, and that female minifigures are primarily differentiated by their girl hair. Furthermore, the female-coded figures tended to show up in more domestic settings
The Castle system, introduced in 1979, reinforces the male-by-default idea, since with the exception of the Queen and a couple of maidens, the Castle system was entirely male. The minifigures of the classic Space system are the most uniform of all, and it's tempting to say that they aren't gendered, but it's difficult to do that when the two other systems have established the male-by-default standard, and when real-world human spaceflight was so male-dominated. Sally Ride wouldn't become the first American woman in space until 1983, four years after the introduction of the Space system. The Pirates system, introduced in 1989 had the same problem that the Castle system had, and represented the first time that minifigures had anything other than the generic smiley face.
By the end of the 80s my interest (and that of my younger brother) in the Town system had waned, so I missed the introduction of facial variation on that side, but some quick research suggests that alternate faces came to the Town system in 1992. An explicitly female face with lipstick and eyeshadow was introduced, and a number of explicitly male faces were introduced. Also, by this point hair was becoming more common. In other words, gender differentiation was becoming more pronounced, and the ways in which it got emphasized seem to me to be evidence that the subtler codes I identified in the 80s were real. The ratio of overtly male to overtly female is quite high; most characters dressed for occupations who might not have appeared gendered in the 80s usually get male faces in the 90s.
The subtler gender coding of the 80s probably made it easier for girls to ignore the intentions of the manufacturer, but unfortunately most of those little plastic people were male all along.
Anyway, those are my rather long-winded thoughts. I'm looking forward to the next installments of this series.
Elena — May 8, 2012
Contrast this with Technic, which is all substance and no style. These complicated sets (originally called Expert builder sets) are clearly for boys.
Contrast these Technic sets with Meccano, which was invented in 1901.
*Shrug* Lego isn't as popular here in Spain, where it has had to compete with everything from Meccano to Playmobil or the locally licensed Famobil, including the Lego copycat systems TENTE or Exin Castillos.
Paige — May 8, 2012
I always played with my older brother's collection which would have been probably early 80s-ish - but likely accumulated from yard sales, so perhaps a little older. We had a bunch of different figures in our toy box, and I don't think I even realized that those non-min-figs were Lego! I know we had a bunch of those larger heads, and we had a cow like the pig listed. Without the context of "sets" I have no idea how they fit into the Lego universe.
I also never really played with the figures WITH Lego. Legos were for building (and smashing!), but never really had storylines in my play. (Maybe another consequence of no sets?)
Valerie — May 8, 2012
I grew up in the 70s and Legos were always gendered male in my small midwestern town.
Tusconian — May 9, 2012
Interesting. It seems that the photo of the various female Lego figures imply that the female figures have gotten more sexualized or "chickified" since their advent. Which is obviously an accurate statement, especially with the most recent sets "for girls" and whatever that huge thing in the background is. It should be considered, though, that ALL the figures (male and female) have been rendered more detailed over the years (from generic smiley faces with generic clothes to detailed, expressive faces with specific clothes), so that may be inevitable. Plus, up until I feel I was in middle school, very few female figures were available, period. The "generic" Lego set I received in 1998 had four figures, all of them specifically intended to be male. My preschool (1994ish) had an older set, also with no female figures at all. I received a set in 2001 that had one male and one female figure, however. Even considering the "Golden Age" picture, look at the representation. Male astronaut, male viking, male police officer (?) and female....lady. Male is still default and active, while female is novel in and of itself.
skyking — May 11, 2012
now you buy all these smaller lego sets (star wars, ninjago, etc) that are predigested and have building instructions. but my kids -- 6 yr old boy and 4 yr old girl -- take them apart and remake them as they please, including the tiny people whose limbs and head come off. so even though there's a lot of niche stuff, kids find their ways around the limitations lego puts on. lego may be gendering their stuff, but you can't stop the kids!
Dorotheo Arango — May 11, 2012
Who havent play with lego? We all love it and we still can play it. And by the way dont forget to send free text at
http://www.textme4free.com/
Ernest Valdemar — May 13, 2012
I grew up during "the Brick Era" (I grew out of Lego around 1973), and didn't pay any attention to "kid stuff" again until the 80s as a young adult. I remember being completely scandalized by the Space and Castle sets. For me, it seemed completely contrary to the spirit of the Lego I grew up with. What's the point of a Lego set that you can only use to build one thing? With bricks and shingles and bases, you can build anything.
I clearly remember playing out the Apollo lift-offs with a red-and-white Saturn V made of bricks and shingles. The status of 80s Lego as the Golden Era clearly has more to do with demographics and nostalgia than actual play value. Also, get off my lawn.
Lego is not sexist! Sociological study of genders in Lego [NEWS] - Lego Picutres, HD Wallpapers and News Blog — May 16, 2012
[...] PERSPECTIVE ON LEGO GENDER GAP: PART I; PART [...]
LEGO and LEGA « Gerry Canavan — May 16, 2012
[...] brief history of gendering in LEGO: Part I, Part [...]
A History Of Gender In LEGO Minifigs | Kotaku Australia — May 16, 2012
[...] it all laid out, with stats on the annual breakdown between male/female, is super interesting.PART I: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE LEGO GENDER GAP [Sociological Images, via Boing Boing] PART II: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE LEGO GENDER GAP [...]
World’s Strangest | The LEGO Gender Gap — May 16, 2012
[...] people’s tendency to look at “gender-neutral” figures as male by default. Link to part one. Link to part two. -via Boing [...]
Lego Gender Studies | Kotzendes Einhorn — May 22, 2012
[...] Part I: Historical Perspective on the LEGO Gender Gap Part II: Historical Perspective on the LEGO Gender Gap [...]
Needing a round tuit …. | Procrastination + — June 1, 2012
[...] Part-One :- Historical Perspective on the Lego Gender Gap [...]
On a Quasi-Related Note — July 15, 2012
[...] was a great four part series on the history of gendering in Lego, it is a great read – part 1, 2, 3, [...]
Quartz — October 10, 2012
[...] to plain bricks, but to specifically boy-oriented, conflict-oriented Lego lines. In a fascinating four-part analysis of Lego and gender, David Pickett, at Sociological Images, illustrates a whole series of demeaning, botched attempts [...]
????????????????? — April 3, 2013
who the HECK even gives a CRAP OMG People R SO SEXIST THESE DAYS GEEZ! BTW LEGOS R AWESOME SO DONT DIS THEM FOR MAKING A FRICKIN GIRL THEME
Joy — May 6, 2013
Just found this page by Googling - lego history girls - after watching old Art Linkletter shows and noticing that he always gave dolls to the girls and the FUN (active and/or construction) toys to the boys. Very depressing... until Legos came into existence, and from the start he gave Lego sets to boys and girls alike! I thought, "I wonder if Lego insisted that their product be promoted equally to both sexes." It seems as if that might have been the case.
Ροζοποίηση – ΚΑΜΕΝΑ ΣΟΥΤΙΕΝ — June 19, 2013
[...] Historical Perspective on the LEGO Gender Gap | David Pickett Part I Part II Part III Part [...]
Vrouwen willen win-win situatie, maar krijgen backlash | De Zesde Clan — June 26, 2013
[...] niet herinneren dat meisjes in de jaren zeventig bedolven werden onder de roze prinsessenspullen, zoals nu wel het geval is. Ze herinnert zich dat meisjes destijds relatief ongestoord konden spelen zoals ze wilden, en wel [...]
Breaking Brick Stereotypes: LEGO Unveils a Female Scientist | RocketNews — September 3, 2013
[...] For more historical perspective, David Pickett does a wonderful job in his multi-part blog series deconstructing the LEGO gender gap. I also put together a colorful infographic displaying gender in LEGO heads. During my [...]
Breaking Brick Stereotypes: LEGO Unveils a Female Scientist | Central Oregon Coast NOW — September 3, 2013
[...] For more historical perspective, David Pickett does a wonderful job in his multi-part blog series deconstructing the LEGO gender gap. I also put together a colorful infographic displaying gender in LEGO heads. During my [...]
Breaking Brick Stereotypes: LEGO Unveils a Female Scientist | nicola ginzler design — September 6, 2013
[...] For more historical perspective, David Pickett does a wonderful job in his multi-part blog series deconstructing the LEGO gender gap. I also put together a colorful infographic displaying gender in LEGO heads. During my [...]
25 Kickass and Interesting Facts About Legos - KickassFacts.com — September 11, 2013
[...] 13. In its classic era, traditional LEGO was not marketed heavily towards just boys, like it is today. It instead featured both boys and girls equally, often together using the same sets, in its marketing campaigns. – Source [...]
Dear LEGO®, In Regards to Your Marketing-Imposed Gender Change For My Son! — September 29, 2013
[...] more about Legos and gender, Sociological Images has a whole series of interesting posts: Part I: Historical Perspective on the LEGO Gender Gap Part II: Historical Perspective on the LEGO Gender Gap Part III: Historical Perspective on the LEGO [...]
The Wonderful World of Lego | Suddenly, a Knock on the Door — October 2, 2013
[...] http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/05/08/part-i-historical-perspective-on-the-lego-gender-gap... [...]
The toy companies have got it wrong. But so have we. | Things My Children Said — February 12, 2014
[…] the supposedly ‘new’ gender-based marketing of Lego (pink bricks, Lego Friends) is something of an urban myth, it’s also fair to say that Lego have saturated the market in recent years, so we probably […]
sally — February 13, 2014
It is important to consider the societal message here that “someone” is promoting: girls have no brains and should only be concerned with their hair, and homemaking skills and low end news stories if they are out in the media world. While boys are the master builders and they make and create needed tools and machines that benefit society. Girls should aspire to be hairdressers as they comb my little pony and change the hair styles on their dolls. I have nothing against this profession but let’s widened the skills to widen the possibilities for girls. Once there were sets of pink and pastel lego’s for girls. The product never got off the ground: who says that red, yellow, black and white are not gender free colors? There is a hidden message here for someone’s agenda. This toy no longer represents the current work place but attempts very subtly to mimic the message in the ads after World War 2-- women need to be home and let men rule the Universe. The only way to cut through that message is to refuse to buy the product and explain to your daughters, nieces and grand children why. And write letter after letter to the company and friends. Take a stand for the value of the female brain.
Lego geeft, Lego neemt | De Zesde Clan — September 13, 2014
[…] mensen de stereotiepe productlijnen van het bedrijf compleet zat waren. Het ironische is dat het bedrijf juist begon met een genderneutrale aanpak, waarbij alles draaide om creativiteit. Pas eind jaren tachtig veranderde de onderneming van koers […]
LEGO’s Girl Problem Starts With Management | Omaha Sun Times — September 25, 2014
[…] LEGO toys used to be staunchly gender neutral — as self-professed Lego geek David Pickett exhaustively demonstrates. The early advertisements featured both boys and girls playing with identical toys. When minifigs […]
Paul Stevenson — October 19, 2014
they marketed their toys to the people that bought them not the other way around. now can you please shut the fuck up making everything about oppression, let kids have the fucking toys they want to play with and find something worthwhile to do with your life.
Lego Isn’t Making the Pieces Fit | Andy Chan — November 18, 2014
[…] Vintage LEGO ads from Sociological Images […]
Lego : une surprenante lettre adressée aux parents en 1974 — November 25, 2014
[…] citant le blog Sociological Images, Slate signale que Lego recherchait déjà, à l’époque, à appâter sa clientèle en […]
Can't Talk Podcast Episode 99: Slug Juice -Can't Talk — June 8, 2015
[…] Also Mentioned: Edmonton Pride One Voice Calgary Expo Invisible Women by an ex Marvel employee Historical Perspective on the Lego Gender Gap: Part 1 Historical Perspective on the Lego Gender Gap: Part 2 “No Girls Allowed” – Tracy […]
Quentin Macleod — February 4, 2016
When I was growing up a girl in my class was into Micro Machines and Hotwheels. The girl happened to be my teachers daughter. While the norm of the '80's was girls had Barbie & Ken, the boys had Hotwheels, Micro machines & Lego's as Jake the Lego Maniac was Lego's "kid representative".
However girls will dabble where ever their interests lead them then so can a boy buy Lego girls sets if that's what they want.
I admit, I personally bought a Lego girls set for a round translucent pink disk piece. It was cheaper than buying an expensive Knights of the Old Republic set for the same piece.
Further more as an adult builder I have thought (but never made happen yet) to build a 'Creator' Lego house and use some features from 'Friends' for the interior. For example some pinks for the girls room, blues for the boys room and neutral colors for the rest of the house with special accessories like an electric guitar in the boys room, a painted picture in the girls room, etc.. Then for the garage, some tools and car jack in the garage.
All this is just food for thought but sounds kind'a fun.
Minifiguring All My Feelings out About LEGO: My Problematic Fave – LEGO: My Problematic Fave – NEWS — May 5, 2016
[…] sets more than women at a ratio of around 10:1—ten men for every woman. These figures are hard to quantify, as LEGO does not release official statistics. In the sets specifically for girls, the ratio is […]
Loving Your Problematic Fav: Lego - SpikyClouds — May 10, 2016
[…] Lego sets on average at a ratio of around 10:1, ten men for every woman. These figures are hard to quantify, as Lego does not release official statistics. In the sets specifically for girls the ratio is […]
LEGO Marketing Materials From the 1960s-1980s Encouraged Boys and Girls to Build Together - Flashbak — September 17, 2018
[…] and LEGO animator (and self-described fanatic) David Pickett agrees, and has written an extensive four-part series on the evolution of LEGO from its 1932-1977 “Brick Era” to the “Lean Fighting Machines” and pink and purple Barbie- […]
LEGO Marketing Materials From the 1960s-1980s Encouraged Boys and Girls to Build Together – crazyhippo — September 25, 2018
[…] and LEGO animator (and self-described fanatic) David Pickett agrees, and has written an extensive four-part series on the evolution of LEGO from its 1932-1977 “Brick Era” to the “Lean Fighting Machines” and pink and […]
venom0902 — October 25, 2018
I bought some clone sets in there or here to use their minifigures but it seems quality of the knock off sets is not good :((
it’s very bad and i’ll never comeback there.
phan — October 25, 2018
test again
venom0902 — October 25, 2018
I bought some clone sets in there or here to use their minifigures but it seems quality of the knock off sets is not good :((
it’s very bad and i’ll never comeback there.
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anna0902 — November 27, 2018
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loki0902 — November 27, 2018
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loki0902 — December 13, 2018
I am a fan of harry poter and I am really excited to see the movie fantasic beast. I would also like to buy myself a harry poter kit, can give me a hint
loki0902 — December 13, 2018
I am a fan of harry poter and I am really excited to see the movie fantasic beast. I would also like to buy myself a harry poter kit, can give me a hint
Tom — January 1, 2019
Some LEGO compatible sets is for the money a very good set, the quality of the bricks is the same of lego, i have the lepin and it's worth the money.
Djin — February 11, 2019
And I really love Star wars. They are beautiful. Many sets are very large and they stimulate my imagination. In short, they are great.
Mummy — March 16, 2019
Starwars sets are impressive the Starwars with lights also made me more enraptured
Mr Noob — April 23, 2019
Lego Compatible can be bought at many place. I personally bought the Lego set from Ebay. ^^
Mr. Krap — April 23, 2019
Among Lego Theme, I love the Starwar Most. Good memories !
Dr.K — May 9, 2019
All of the LEGO Starwar led light sets always interest me
LEGO: Trying to be gender-neutral again — May 10, 2019
[…] May 10, 2019 by Khanh Van Duong LEGO’s gender-neutral ads in the 70s.Source: thesocietypages.org […]
Qiu Ying — May 23, 2019
LEGO 75105 Led Light The Force Awakens Millennium Falcon Brick kits
Anonymous — September 9, 2019
I bought some clone sets in there
Sophie — September 9, 2019
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LEGO - A Timeline & Case Study of Gender Neutral Toys • New Dawn Kids — December 26, 2019
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LEGO alternative — December 29, 2019
LEGO brick is good,but you can also try Other Bricks Band.
Justin — January 19, 2020
I still keep my point that star wars will last forever over the years
Josie — January 19, 2020
I believe that star wars is the most searched name of the past year
LEPIN — January 19, 2020
i bought 1 set. is this ok
LEPIN LOVER — January 19, 2020
i bought 1 set LEPIN in this site . is this ok
Chun — January 19, 2020
I don't understand why people like star wars so much while technic is very popular
Robert — January 19, 2020
Star Wars is a fantastic movie series. That’s why it is popular.
Mei — January 19, 2020
A big holiday is coming. I'd like to buy a toy for my son. Is this site ok?
Jane — January 19, 2020
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lepin fan — January 20, 2020
The reign of star wars will land on the Lego world this year
harrypotter fanclub — January 20, 2020
I don't know much about star wars because I'm a harry potter fan so I'll vote for it
lepin forever — January 20, 2020
I brought lepin from this site. Reasonable price and very excellent quality
harrypotter fan — January 20, 2020
My history is harry potter and always will be
harrypotter forever — January 20, 2020
I don't want to argue, but if anyone has never seen the harry potter, that's a big mistake
Justin — March 14, 2020
My history is star wars and always will be
Josie — March 14, 2020
Star Wars is always my number one choice
Chun — March 14, 2020
I can not live without star wars
Building toys — March 22, 2020
LEGO brick is good,but you can also try Bricks Band.
Octu — May 14, 2021
I've recently found that Mouldking Block/ is very interesting with many cool sets.