Sociologists are interested in the workings of power. How is inequality produced and sustained? What discursive and institutional forces uphold it? How are obvious injustices made invisible or legitimized? Why is it so hard to change hearts, minds, and societies?
How does all this work?
Earlier this month, a sliver of insight was posted. It’s a clip of a speech by Anita Sarkeesian in which she reveals what it’s like for one person to be the target of sustained, online harassment.
In 2009, Sarkeesian launched Feminist Frequency, a series of web logs in which she made feminist arguments about representation of women in pop culture. In 2012, she launched a kickstarter to fund an ambitious plan to analyze the representation of women in video games. This drew the attention of gamers who opposed her project on principle and thus began an onslaught of abuse: daily insults and threats of rape and murder, photoshop harassment, bomb threats, and a video game in which her face can be beaten bloody, just to mention a few examples. Last fall she canceled a speech at Utah State University because someone threatened to commit “the deadliest school shooting in American history” if she went on. It’s been brutal and it’s never stopped.
So, is this power at work? Has she been silenced? And has her larger project – awareness of sexism and misogyny in video games – been harmed?
I’m not sure.
As an individual, Sarkeesian has continued to speak out about the issue, but how she does so and with what frequency has been aggressively curtailed by the harassment. In the four-and-a-half minute clip, with the theme “What I Couldn’t Say,” she talks about how the harassment has changed how she engages with the public. I offer some tidbits below, but here’s the full clip:
She explains:
I rarely feel comfortable speaking spontaneously in public spaces, I’m intentional and careful about the media interviews I do, I decline most invitations to be on podcasts or web shows, I carefully consider the wording of every tweet to make sure it is clear and can’t be misconstrued. Over the last several years, I’ve become hypervigilant. My life, my words, and my actions are placed under a magnifying glass. Every day I see my words scrutinized, twisted, and distorted by thousands of men hell bent on destroying and silencing me.
How she gets her message across has been affected as well:
[I cant’ say] anything funny… I almost never make jokes anymore on YouTube… I don’t do it because viewers often interpret humor and sarcasm as ignorance… You would not believe how often jokes are taken as proof that I don’t know what I’m talking about… even when those jokes rely on a deep knowledge of the source material.
And she feels that, above all, she’s not allowed to talk about the harm that her harassers are doing:
I don’t’ get to publicly express sadness, or rage, or exhaustion, or anxiety, or depression… I don’t get to express feelings of fear or how tiring it is to be constantly vigilant of my physical and digital surroundings… In our society, women are not allowed to express feelings without being characterized as hysterical, erratic bitchy, highly emotional, or overly sensitive. Our experiences of insecurity, doubt, anger, or sadness are all policed and often used against us.
A youtube search for the video reveals a slew of anti-Sarkeesian responses were published within days.
——————–
Sarkeesian’s revelations put an inspiring human face on the sacrifice individuals make to fight-the-good-fight, but also reveal that, in some ways, her harassers are winning.
That said, their grotesque display of misogyny has raised Sarkeesian’s profile and drawn attention to and legitimized her project and her message. That original kickstarter? The original call was for $6,000. Her supporters donated almost $159,000. The feminist backlash to the misogynist backlash was swift and monied.
Ever since, the abuse she’s suffered as an individual has made the issue of both sexism in video games and online harassment more visible. Her pain may have been good for the visibility of the movement. I wonder, though, what message it sends to other women and men who want to pursue similar social justice initiatives. It is a cautionary tale that may dampen others’ willingness to fight.
The battle is real. The gamers who oppose Sarkeesian and what she stands for have succeeded in quieting, if not silencing her and have probably discouraged others from entering the fray. But Sarkeesian’s cause and the problem of gamer misogyny is more visible than ever. The fight goes on.
Lisa Wade, PhD is an Associate Professor at Tulane University. She is the author of American Hookup, a book about college sexual culture; a textbook about gender; and a forthcoming introductory text: Terrible Magnificent Sociology. You can follow her on Twitter and Instagram.
Comments 75
John George — March 30, 2015
In some ways this is an expression of a new form of power, which impacts the powerful. It is an affliction that is shutting down speech on college campuses regardless of the speaker's political leanings. It doesn't impact the powerless, because nobody knows them there is, of course, no effort to mount a campaign to stop their speech.
physioproffe — March 30, 2015
I'm not sure I'd have the courage to keep at it in the face of that kind of sustained grotesque harassment. It seems to me that the laws haven't really kept up with how people behave on the Internet. If hordes of people followed someone around in physical spaces everywhere they went screaming threats at them non-stop, it would be considered a matter for law enforcement. But on-line, as far as I can tell, Anita and others who are impacted by this kind of behavior are mostly told by the police and prosecutors that there's nothing they can do. Maybe because almost all these people are privileged white dudes, and can't comprehend how damaging the incessant verbal attacks are, even though they're "just words on a screen"?
fencepost — March 30, 2015
I'm surprised there hasn't been a mess of nasty comments posted here. If trolls are sharks, the name "Sarkeesian" is like chum in the water.
Jason J. Shaw — March 30, 2015
From what I've seen on the topic, both Sarkeesian and many of her critics are on the wrong end of respect and responsibility. That is likely why things have blown up as much as they have around her. She does seem to have a tendency to stretch and manipulate things beyond what they are to suit the angles she takes.
Bill R — March 30, 2015
Be critical of ideas as the inclination suits you, but defend the public airing of all of them.
mimimur — March 31, 2015
It's not just fighting. This, paired with gamer gate is going to drive women away from the industry entirely.
red — March 31, 2015
The harassment she has suffered is horrible, but it's almost made it impossible to have a debate about whether any of her theories are correct. The industry won't change unless voices within the bigger game studios and publishers want to make games that appeal to feminist ideas. Sarkeesian could be 100% correct, but she's still an academic making academic arguments in a industry based on $.
TK — March 31, 2015
I really defy anyone to read this post by Zoe Quinn and find any sort of balance in Gamer Gate. It's the perfect storm of online trolling, IRL misogyny and a legal system that doesn't understand either. It's exhausting to read, so I can only imagine what it's like to live. Like having a thousand abusive exes with no restraining orders.
http://ohdeargodbees.tumblr.com/post/107838639074/august-never-ends
Yrro Simyarin — March 31, 2015
I don't mean to diminish the threats to Ms. Sarkessian's life or her safety at all. It's deplorable behavior, and direct threats should be investigated.
Does anyone know of any good studies on how common death threats are online to public figures of either gender? My first few google searches aren't turning up much scholarly - almost everything is linking back to this specific issue.
Nearly every blogger I read with any kind of following and controversial opinions, many game developers, webcomic authors -- they all speak of receiving death threats and abuse from anonymous people on the internet. The frequency seems to track with how likely they are to be read by teenagers.
But that's just my anecdotal experience. I'm curious what any actual science says about it, and about how many of those threats are found to be credible.
Some people have pointed to this and said she needs to get a tougher skin. That's not the point I'm making here - Anita should be able to challenge the views of the gaming industry without her physical safety being threatened -- but her experience seems to be indicative of a greater problem with human interaction on the internet than the specific results of gender policing.
Biggus Disqus — April 1, 2015
Perhaps a silver lining to the phenomenon is the likelihood that the level of vitriol being spewed by misogynistic trolls represents their level of existential fear at the rapid and ongoing loss of the social dominance they feel entitled to. And that holds whether one is a self-motivated freelance troll or a paid shill (something has to motivate someone to pay shills to disrupt forums, after all).
That means it's time to push harder. The thing to do when Archie Bunker-style sexist meatheadedness is on the ropes is keep pummeling it until it's down for good.
All the whining about "free speech" is just a red herring and stems from the fact that losing one's dominant social status feels like an unjust attack and being treated 'just like everybody else' is perceived as defeat (religious leaders react this way a lot too, since religion is losing its former status/dominance as well). In other words, it's a juvenile temper tantrum thrown by a spoiled adult (the kids making the same comments are mostly just imitating the "adults").
When those who enjoy (or embody, as it were) the currently-dominant paradigm feel that their position is secure, they are dismissive of (or smug and condescending towards) challenges to that dominance, like how Archie Bunker treated Edith.
But when the Barbarians are at the gate (i.e. uppity women who 'don't know their place') and the walls of the castle are crumbling then that condescension turns to fear manifesting as the vicious spite one would expect from a wounded and cornered dog.
"Fixing" the issue requires abandoning the idea that greater equality and mutual
respect is a "loss" of something, or if it is a loss it's a loss of something that was always undesirable (so good riddance). Then it might dawn on the misogynists that being lonely or unable to form a stable, fulfilling relationship (or get a date) is their own damned fault and that women "owe" them absolutely nothing, especially subservient obedience.
A sad irony in all this is that if the trolls and assorted misogynists were to snap out of it and declare surrender in their war against respect and equality then the quality of their own lives would improve to a degree they probably can't even imagine.
ViktorNN — April 3, 2015
Couple of points:
First I'm not seeing the argument that Sarkeesian is some embattled critic of power. Sarkeesian has made a lot of money off her crowdfunding effort and she could probably raise as much money as she needs for her projects for the rest of her career. Her ideas are mainstream and uncontroversial in this country's education which is dominated by people who share her views. She has a large built-in audience who will always be interested in hearing what she has to say in speeches, blogs, and books, and paying her money to hear her say it
Given that her supporters are the heart of academia and government, I'd say she's at the center of power - far from a rebel.
Second, the internet is a vicious place when it comes to this country's culture wars. I could come up with a list of hundreds of people who have been harassed, threatened with death, and even worse - lost their jobs - due to things they've said online.
There is really no difference between a person like Sarkeesian who is supposedly doing important work "critiquing the system" or whatever and people who have had expressed wrong views, unpopular views, or simply said the wrong thing online - the internet punishes everyone equally.
Personally, I think we need to get past this idea that "you have the freedom to say whatever you want, but I have the right to try to ruin your life in response" morality which has become dominant in the internet culture wars and which takes down both left and right speakers. Either that, or we will have to accept that for safety's sake radical views are best expressed anonymously, and allow for anonymous speech zones of various types.
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/magazine/how-one-stupid-tweet-ruined-justine-saccos-life.html?_r=0
igbead — April 10, 2015
So many things wrong here, OK firstly she has not been silenced. The obvious hypocrisy of saying she was silenced, while making a speech. That has some fundamental gaps in logic. That's like someone saying they are starving while eating a thanksgiving dinner. Any of the silence that she faces she puts on herself, and here's why. The podcasts, media interviews, and such that she declines are all her decision. All of those are controlled environment type of situations, and hell she could even just do them via satellite or phone . If it truly worried her so much that she declines media opportunities, why does she continue to make videos. If the reason for her going on media outlets is to talk about the issues she is advocating against is she gets harassed, then why does she make videos during the same thing. That is her decision as if she were silenced as she says, then we would have no Anita videos, plain and simple. As for the public speaking, why would she be afraid to speak spontaneously in public, yet still do planned public events. Wouldn't it be more dangerous to be at an event where your harassers have known when and where long enough to plan something, not justifying the death threats, but that part just didn't make sense to me. Also for her complaints of having to watch what she says, and basically be more diplomatic, and how that's so horrible and her harassers fault. no thats called being a public figure, especially as an activist. because your opposition will wait for any slip up, or lapse in reason to tear you apart. If you can't handle the heat, get the fuck out of the kitchen essentially. Now to the biggest crock of shit that she can't express her emotions, namely fear. Bullshit, have you looked at your twitter feed Anita, all you do is express your anger at "misogyny" or express your fear or anger over harassers . Also that women can't express feelings without etc...Bullshit. If anything men cannot express their feelings on this issue because they are either told to check their privilege, basically saying it doesn't matter what you say because you have social power (but you just demonstrated the power to make all white males opinions, not matter at all. Which is a fuck ton of power, if it really were male dominated the idea of male privilege would have never been allowed make it past the first girl who uttered those words.) or they are labeled as a sexist harasser or rape apologist. Even if they are neither of those things, but since they are men its ok. (but a girl being called bossy a far less horrible accusation than a death threat harasser or rape apologist, needs to be banned, even if women do show that characteristic ).