Cross-posted from cyborgology.
On February 26, 2012, Trayvon Martin, an unarmed Black high school student, was shot and killed by George Zimmerman, a White Hispanic neighborhood watch captain. The case has become a symbolic battleground. Artist Israel McCloud was inspired to paint a mural in his honor in Houston.
As Jessie Daniels points out at Racism Review, battles over racism have shifted into the realm of social media, where digital and physical race relations persist in an augmented relationship. We see this in both anti-racist discourses and the racial smear campaigns surrounding the Martin/Zimmerman case.
Although it is important to expose the overtly racist tactics utilized by some of Zimmerman’s defenders, I want to talk about a more subtle, and so perhaps more problematic, form of racial discourse. A prominent strategy of protest arising from the left may inadvertently perpetuate, rather than challenge, racial hierarchies in their most dehumanizing form.
This tactic has made the rounds on my own Facebook Newsfeed, and is one in which I, prior to more critical thought, actively participated: the creation of images and texts that couple Black bodies with prestigious social positions and ask viewers to problematize racialized assumptions that often lead to faulty first impressions—which in turn lead to physical danger for the racialized subject. This tactic comes in two forms: political memes and case examples.
The memes, such as the one pictured below, are direct and general. They argue that Black bodies are assumed dangerous unless proven otherwise. This meme warns us that we might treat a doctor as a criminal purely based on skin color:
I (regretfully) posted this meme to my own Facebook wall. Rather than delete the meme, I added this post to the comment thread as a public declaration of my error.
The case examples are more in depth, but accomplish a similar task. They picture a clean-cut, Black male body. They list his credentials, and then tell of his physical abuse at the hands of scared, racist White authority figures:
Copied from my Facebook Newsfeed.
Activists strategically link these memes and cases to Trayvon Martin’s story, highlighting his clean record and child-like face. This protest tactic honors Martin (and other Black boys and men who have been hurt because of a racist culture) and spotlights the problematic racialized lens within which Americans largely operate.
Both forms of this protest tactic tell an empirically accurate story. Simultaneously, however, they are gross oversimplifications that perpetuate oppressive hierarchies that lie at the intersection of race and class. They work to differentiate the “good” from the “bad” kind of racial minority—and imply that the life of the former is more valuable.
We are warned that our racial assumptions may lead to the wrongful and tragic harm of a “good” racial minority—reinforcing the devaluation of poor, under-educated, over-policed and under-protected people of color. Indeed, as the left fights accusations that Trayvon Martin sold drugs, we forget to ask: “SO WHAT IF HE DID?!” Would he somehow be less human? Would his murder be less atrocious? As the left justifiably decries the accusative investigations into Trayvon’s life, some protest tactics effectively present the opposite side of the same coin.
The empirical reality of Blackness in America is that it often intersects with poverty, which in turn, intersects with crime. A poor Black man with a criminal record is an artifact of a deeply embedded racial system. The memes and case examples discussed above perpetuate the devaluation of the Poor Black subject, marginalizing him against those who are upwardly mobile. In utilizing this protest tactic we fail to address the grittier realities of race in America that led George Zimmerman to perceive an anonymous, unarmed Black boy as a threat. We not only ignore these realities, but become naively complicit in their reproduction.
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Jenny Davis is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at Texas A&M University. She studies self, identity, and human-technology interaction. She blogs for cyborgology.org. Follow Jenny on Twitter @Jup83
Comments 87
pduggie — April 5, 2012
"A poor Black man with a criminal record is an artifact of a deeply embedded racial system"
What about one without one?
Dawn Blush — April 5, 2012
" Indeed, as the left fights accusations that Trayvon Martin sold drugs, we forget to ask: “SO WHAT IF HE DID?!” Would he somehow be less human? Would his murder be less atrocious? "
I dare say you are missing the actual point of why people are bringing up Trayvon's suspensions, gangster style of dress, his twitter etc. it's NOT, at least from my perspective, to say he "deserved to die" but to point out those things about Trayvon certainly point to a youth that very well could have been the aggressor and jumped Zimmerman just like Zimmerman claimed.
Dawn Blush — April 5, 2012
In all serious to the author I don't see how anyone could read Trayvon's twitter feed and not realize he was an aggressive misogynistic hateful young man.
Trayvon very well may have attacked Zimmerman.
Dawn Blush — April 5, 2012
"Jenny Davis is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at Texas A&M University. She studies self, identity, and human-technology interaction."
The writer of this piece is a great example of someone so blinded by ideology that severe cognitive dissonance has set in.
Look at her studies and then re-read this piece of one sided drivel filled with assumption, gross generalizations and all around nonsense.
A doctoral candidate? Good grief.
Steve Pan — April 5, 2012
Gross oversimplifications, on the internet? I am amazed
pduggie — April 5, 2012
Tom Wolfe satirized this tendency to beatify black victims of white aggressors, even when evidence of such beatification was lacking, in Bonfire of the Vanities.
LNel — April 5, 2012
I don't see anything wrong with showcasing the talents and achievements of Black men and women. One of the goals of the protest tactic you highlight is to break open the stereotype that the way Black men dress says something about their character, or their propensity to violence. This comment thread demonstrates the very need to challenge this stereotype. Unfortunately, Martin's "gangster style of dress" is indeed being used to justify his murder, and the murder of countless other Black men. These memes serve to undermine that particular, but pervasive, argument.
While I agree we should not be setting up a "good" vs "bad" minority--no victim is "perfect" nor should we have to prove they are--I also think the memes you point out serve a different, and important purpose. They celebrate the achievements of people in the Black community, something that is far too often ignored and overlooked, and tear down the stereotype that Black men in hoodies are one homogeneous group.
That said, we should absolutely be asking the question, so what if he did? I just don't think you should take such a critical stance on the existing memes. It's not an either/or scenario.
Village Idiot — April 6, 2012
In utilizing this protest tactic we fail to address the grittier
realities of race in America that led George Zimmerman to perceive an
anonymous, unarmed Black boy as a threat.
Well, if it turns out that Zimmerman was indeed being physically attacked (and I said "if") then the shooting was entirely justified even if Zimmerman got out of his car (getting out of one's car is perfectly legal) and if that's what happened then Martin was much more than a mere 'threat' regardless of any other applicable adjectives.
It's also legal to verbally "confront" a pedestrian on a public street, which might include asking someone what the hell they're doing. It would also be legal for the person confronted to respond by telling the questioner "None of your business!" and walking away. This is obviously not what happened, but what did happen is not obvious.
However, since (as some reports have mentioned) it took place within a gated community, this incident might not have taken place on a public street at all. If that's the case, it would mean that Zimmerman may have believed Martin to be trespassing rather than merely appearing to be a suspicious person to him (maybe it all stemmed from Martin being black and wearing a hoodie, or maybe it happened because he was someone Zimmerman didn't recognize as a resident of the community; I don't know Zimmerman so don't know what he was thinking). Still, if the incident took place on unambiguously-private property (that's what the gates are for) then in a legal sense it's an entirely different scenario than if it had happened on a public street. I guess that and other apparently-irrelevant (to commentators) details will come out in the investigation that few appear to be waiting around for. One thing seems certain, though: Race baiting still sells.
So far this whole story has mostly just been a corrosive clusterfuck of jumping to conclusions on all sides that serves more to reveal the thoughts of those commenting on it rather than anything substantive about the actual incident. It's another one of those Rorschach Culture Blots; in this case an ambiguous mix of facts and speculation about a violent encounter is presented to us and from that we project a completely subjective explanation about what "really" happened. My tinfoil-hat interpretation suspects it's a resurgence of the old tried-and-true "divide and conquer" political gambit; fomenting racial tensions tends to reduce the attention and scrutiny focused on political, environmental, and economic tensions (not to mentions boosts the visibility of opportunistic grandstanders on all sides).
Same as it ever was.
Jacob Germain — April 6, 2012
"anti-racist discourses and the racial smear campaigns"
Well, that's not loaded language.
not that I disagree, but I think a healthy sense of reflexivity is good for academic types.
MYOB — April 6, 2012
My son is 31. He is a white middle class HS graduate who got involved in drugs early on and almost lost his life many times over it. He bought in to the whole hip-hop bs gansta culture. I do not blame that for his choice to get involved with drugs, but it didn't help either. I bring this up, because after all these years he is STILL wearing a hoodie. It is an intentional cultural affectation that is meant to intimidate, to say "don't f*ck with me" If there are kids out there wearing them who don't know that, someone should tell them. I suppose that some of you adults being ignorant of that fact is excusable.
The biggest mistake liberals are making is not defending Travon against claims he was a drug dealer. The biggest mistake was once more screaming racism before there was any evidence. I am a liberal and it is such a turn off, even to me.
What if Mr Zimmerman is an ageist? Seems pretty clear to me that this is the case. What cracks me up is how fast Hispanic folk became white again rather than people of color. I guess it's kind of hard claiming a person of color shot another person of color because of his color.
Brichka — April 6, 2012
I think my favorite quote from the Little Women illustrates this:
Jo March: I find it poor logic to say that because women are good, women should vote. Men do not vote because they are good; they vote because they are male, and women should vote, not because we are angels and men are animals, but because we are human beings and citizens of this country.
Rls1082000 — April 9, 2012
The music industry, entertainment and liquor industry continue to sterotype black people. They show them as violent, sex-crazed. This sells to yourng people. What has the NAACP, social activists, and people in general, churches etc... done to stand up to the multi-billion dollar industries who advocate a lifestyle that destroys and incurs racisism - NOTHING. Americans are moved and taught by the movers of culture.
PS — April 12, 2012
" George Zimmerman, a White Hispanic neighborhood watch captain..." <--- this is not true. The actual Neighborhood Watch group has loudly refuted that he had any official affiliation with them. He was not a captain of anything, nor was he a member of the (non-existent) local Neighborhood Watch. He was a self-appointed, armed, man who had called the police dozens of times reporting 'suspicious' people before shooting Martin.