Earlier this month, The New York Times and Foreign Policy both reported on the United Nations population forecast for the next 100 years. According to the report, rather than hitting 9 billion at mid-century and then leveling off, the world’s population is likely to climb to 10 million and keep going. The cause: a fertility boom in the global south –– Africa, Asia, Latin America. Such growth, according to the report, if unchecked, will have dire consequences on a world already facing shortages of food, available water and other life-giving resources.
In reporting the story, both the Times and Foreign Policy used pictures of women and their children, but the way they used the pictures was somewhat chilling. For example, the Times ran a photo of several women of color under the heading: “Coming to a Planet Near You: 3 Billion More Mouths to Feed.”
Additionally, Foreign Policy ran a photo under the sub-headline: “Why ignoring family planning overseas was the worst foreign-policy mistake of the century.” It featured a picture of dark-skinned women with a child.
These photos, paired with the headlines and the dire predictions in the stories of what’s to come should the global south’s fertility boom remain unchecked, tap into anxieties about women’s bodies and link the coming doom and gloom directly to them. The Times headline, warning of “3 billion more mouths to feed,” is combined with seven new mothers in Manila; positioned in a long row, they crowd the frame of the photograph as they are imagined to crowd the planet. While the Foreign Policy sub-headline inspires fear, saying that allowing the burgeoning birth rate was the “worst… mistake of the century.” Its photo features two women and a child in the foreground. In both cases the focus on women makes it seem as if men have no role in reproduction at all.
Whether they meant it or not, such a juxtaposition does little more than demonize women –– particularly poor women from developing countries –– as directly responsible for the problem of overpopulation and its solution. While the commentaries herald funding for family planning and education –- both great ideas –– they contain no conversation about economic systems that create or maintain poverty in certain parts of the world; how patriarchy and systems of male-centered power prevent women from being able to control their own reproduction; and how international development money too often comes with strings attached that restrict government resources for education and health care, especially for women, who too often are the ones who bear the hardest brunt of poverty and the greatest social opprobrium.
Here’s what an alternative might look like: GOOD Magazine discussed the U.N. report and the coming population boom. Its focus: How responsible living in the United States and other wealthy countries can help ensure food for all. The photo that ran with the commentary: a photo of the planet Earth.
Barbara Yuki Schwartz is a doctoral student in the Theology, History and Ethics program at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary in Evanston, Ill. She studies postcolonial and poststruturalist theory, political theory and theology, trauma studies, and is interested in how body, community and psychic life intersect and influence theology and liturgy. She blogs regularly at Dialogic Magazine.
Comments 51
pduggie — May 24, 2011
There a two very popular web videos around the internets (can't find it right now) that talk about the 'solution' to all the problems of poverty and overcrowding and HIV and trafficking and war, etc as being getting young women educated and in school so they don't get married at 12 and then starve and have to turn to prostitution.
It bothers me to that the answer to the bad behavior of men in these societies doesn't seem to be better controls on their bad behavior, but just escape hatches for the women. They seem to have given up.
But it makes it pretty obvious why the photos are of women ('s bodies: aren't all photos of women photos of their bodies?). The conventional wisdom is that dealing with the men is fruitless and impossible.
pduggie — May 24, 2011
Ah, the video series is The Girl Effect
http://www.girleffect.org/video
wortwart — May 24, 2011
"These photos ... tap into anxieties about women’s bodies and link the coming doom and gloom directly to them." Really? That seems pretty awkward to me. Even after seeing this pictures I'm more afraid of overpopulation than of women's bodies. And there seems to be some logic in coming from overpopulation to birth to mothers.
Using a photo of planet Earth for this topic is pathetic and most possibly has been a low-budget emergency solution. Just look at the pictures and ask yourself which is more interesting.
Kat — May 24, 2011
I like this one as well:
http://www.fixaging.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/overpopulation.jpg
Kat — May 24, 2011
And HATE this one (taking the whole woman think a step further):
http://cornect.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/overpopulation.jpg
Eve — May 24, 2011
My first thought at seeing the first picture was "How lovely!" They just look so cool and breezy in their white sheets. Probably it's really hot where they are, so maybe they are hot and cranky. But I really like how the babies are in bed with them instead of in another room.
Anyway, I've been thinking a lot lately about what "responsible" living in the US and other countries would look like. I wonder if it's been studied - would it be possible for everyone in the world to live at a certain minimum standard if it meant that no one would starve or live in unsafe conditions?
. — May 24, 2011
Fertility boom in latin America? Here in Brazil the average of children per woman is under 2, and it's decreasing, we are more concerned about the population getting older than getting bigger. Generalization? Why not? They are too worried feeding their 8 kids to care about this.
Molly W. — May 24, 2011
There's probably no way to measure this, but I think race is more significant here than gender.
I agree with others who've noted that, considered out of context, the photo from the maternity ward in Manila is really lovely. I love the way the newborns are snuggled up against their moms. (I don't want to romanticize the scene, I wonder if the moms might prefer more privacy -- though perhaps that's my Americanness showing.)
It's also worth noting, I think, that while first-world population growth has slowed, those individuals consume significantly more resources per person than their third-world counterparts.
Hans Rosling's TED talk about washing machines touches on this -- there's a nice graphic at about the 5-minute mark:
http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_and_the_magic_washing_machine.html
Crazy Otaku Kid — May 24, 2011
I think 'demonizing' them would be saying "stop them from infesting the earth with their wretched spawn." not whats said here.
m Andrea — May 24, 2011
Really honestly, is it not obvious that the folks in power DO NOT CARE about quality of life for anyone but themselves? They're busy over here trying their hardest to deny medical care to as many people as they can, so what could possibly drive their concern for "those brown people over there"?
They probably don't like the idea of white people being a global minority.
Graid — May 24, 2011
Good observations on the scare mongering attached to two quite innocuous or even appealing photographs.
Side note- I found it rather ironic that the photo of Planet Earth included in the bottom article mentioned only actually includes the Americas.
Michelle — May 24, 2011
While there are complimentary points to the photo of the women and their babies in bed, it is placing responsibility for sex and conception solely on women -period! Like it or not, no matter what year it is, decade, or century it is a man's world, and woman will always be their scapegoat -period!
AlgebraAB — May 24, 2011
I'm of two minds on this issue.
First off, birth rates in the Third World are not a problem. Birth rates in the First World, as low as they are, are much more of an problem simply because First Worlders consume far, far more resources. One of the photos is of women in the Philippines. Energy consumption per capita in the Philippines is something like 1/5th of what it is in the U.S. So even if we had a birthrate of 5 children per woman in the Philippines and a birthrate of 1 child per woman in the U.S., that would barely be parity, in terms of energy resource consumption. Of course 'Foreign Policy and the 'New York Times' aren't really concerned with standards of living in the Third World. This anxiety they're expressing owes itself to the recognition that a global population boom will likely result in higher commodity prices, which impedes the ability of First World economies to deliver the standard-of-living that their political constituencies are used to and demand.
With that being said, I think the UN's estimates of a 9 billion+ global population is also highly unlikely. A population that large would require an extremely large expansion of intensive, industrialized agriculture around the world. In fact, such an expansion is already called for in light of global food shortages. That's unlikely to happen though. First of all, the current global economic system provides disincentives to agricultural production - profit margins are small for most farmers around the world, especially in light of the debt risks they take on, and many farmers around the globe subsist only on subsidies. Secondly, industrial agriculture relies heavily on petrochemicals, the price of which is only poised to go up over the next century. Personally I think the next century will be marked by population decline ... If the population does make it to 9 billion, it will require a serious reevaluation of our economic system and the global standard-of-living will surely have to be reduced.
Of course, this is assuming current trends continue. If someone invents some awesome zero-point energy machine or some other panacea, then it all goes out the window ... but I'm not holding my breath.
Juliana — May 25, 2011
My thoughts exactly! What a great post. We need to look at access to health care, food, and an economy where it isn't as profitable to have so many children. We need to stop giving money to family planning that can only talk about abstinence (thank you very much Mr. Bush).
DeepThoughts — May 25, 2011
I think "brown women in other countries" deserve to have reproductive choice (including the choice not to reproduce) regardless of relative consumption rates.
Pauline — May 25, 2011
I love the top photo of the mothers so much. Why did they have to give it such an awful headline? Even the second photo is of a lovely sunny day - it doesn't look like an awful, overcrowded place.
I think this is an instance of either poor photo choice or poor headline choice or maybe a bit of both. For instance, those top photos with the angle of the GOOD magazine story could have made for a much more compelling discussion.
But honestly, I really do love those top photos. Any idea on who the photographer/s is/are?
Chungyen Chang — May 26, 2011
In the United States, at least, given our history of compulsory sterilization of women of color, I think this is both an issue of race and gender.
http://www.msmagazine.com/apr01/roberts.html
http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2384/were-40-of-native-american-women-forcibly-sterilized-in-the-1970s
rhea d — May 27, 2011
http://www.channel4.com/programmes/unreported-world/episode-guide/series-2010/episode-13
They mentioned something politicos not wanting to mess with their Catholic vote bank.
Jubaly84 — July 18, 2011
the Foreign Policy sub-headline inspires fear, saying that allowing the burgeoning birth rate was the “worst… mistake of the century.” implies that its our job ( western society or white society) to keep ever one else in line. Both articles also put the emphasis on how " third world countries need to be policed and watched but we don't have to worry about how many kids are born in western society. I guess the eugenics movement is still around
Yuk Bon | Malthusian predictions have been failing to happen for the last 50 years, but I guess it’s a good scare to add to xenophobia and to justify racism. — April 30, 2012
[...] The Threat of (Brown) Women’s Fertility trackback [...]
Merauder2 — May 1, 2012
It is always interesting to hear how all the worlds problems are due to the United States.It would seem to me that guys everywhere have a problem keeping their zippers up. So are we blaming the biggest kid on the block with justification or as a scapegoat for everyone elsewhere stupidity.
Merauder2 — May 1, 2012
Damn cell phone I typed "elses" auto spell check can be such a drag.
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