In discussing sex work in my Power and Sexuality Course, I often ask students whether sexuality is really absent in work that is not deemed “sex work” (e.g., stripping, prostitution, and pornography). Students can quickly think of ways in which sex appeal and sexy performances play a role in many, many jobs. This is obviously true for singers, actresses, models, and dancers. But it is also true, to some degree, in sales and bar-tending, or working as a lawyer, a flight attendant, or a teaching assistant. These workers are sometimes called upon to dress to accentuate their sex appeal, move in ways that incite desire, and flirt with customers, clients, or co-workers. Sex plays a role in most of our jobs, even when they aren’t explicitly called “sex work.”
I thought of this conversation when checking out a submission by artist Costanza Knight. (I’m a fan, especially, of her paintings about slavery and freedom based on the beautiful poem, The People Could Fly.) Knight’s submission was in regard to a story about a Chinese tea producer hiring busty virgins to pick tea with their mouths. The method of harvest is in reference to a traditional folktale and is designed to titillate and intrigue buyers willing to pay handsomely for the virgin-kissed, bosom-cradles leaves.
I can’t confirm the veracity of the story, but whether or not it’s true, it helpfully points to the need to deconstruct the notion that some jobs are “sex work” and other jobs are “just work.” We sell our sexualities in many types of jobs; much of the time, it’s simply a matter of degree.
Lisa Wade, PhD is an Associate Professor at Tulane University. She is the author of American Hookup, a book about college sexual culture; a textbook about gender; and a forthcoming introductory text: Terrible Magnificent Sociology. You can follow her on Twitter and Instagram.
Comments 89
Yrro — May 13, 2011
I would argue that we sell our general attractiveness in any field that involves relating with people. That includes but is not limited to sexuality.
Fernando — May 13, 2011
The thing is, the bartender's main role isn't to serve sex, it is to serve drinks. Sex comes as something that isn't essential to the job.
There is merit in taking away the stigma of the term sex work, in not devaluing the work of sex workers. But I think the perception of different jobs shouldn't be equated through the notion that a lot of things have sex in it, because it doesn't make much sense and there are still a lot of jobs that have nothing to do with sex.
B — May 13, 2011
I would argue that sexuality is inherent in our filters, unless you can say you are asexual, and therefore is an inescapable part of our relationships, however seemingly innocuous.
Rebecca — May 13, 2011
Bartending is very much about sex! I am sure horny people stay longer and drink more, not to mention tip better! One friend of mine makes enough money working part-time bartending (and serving at Hooters)to pay for an apartment and full-time college tuition. Another friend of mine, who had gone to bartending school and has a very social and outgoing personality, was told at every single bar she went into that they would take her application, but they weren't hiring. She is obese. But not stupid. She then had her attractive friend with no qualifications apply, and the attractive friend got called back for an interview every time. Her attractive friend is a lawyer, and my obese friend eventually got a job at one of the bars, but never made as much in tips as the "attractive" girls.
And how else do you explain the men in chaps and leather g-strings at gay bars? Hot models draped on cars? Or the old dress codes for flight attendants? Skimpy outfits on waitresses in casinos? My college marching band had weight and appearance standards for the (all female) flags and twirlers, who wore short skirts and low-cut tight tops. I once heard a doctor say he needed to hire a cute little lady with a sweet voice to work his reception desk. Sex sells anything and everything because horny people are happy people.
Normq — May 13, 2011
Ultimately we need to focus on the power this culture grants some people to alter the conditions of a person so that they have to sell their labour, their sexuality, their body, in order to survive or achieve social success/feel valued as a member of society. That way we can avoid being bogged down in deconstructing who chooses to sell what when no one actually chooses to sell anything in this power-perverse, hierarchical market economy. The reduction of all human activity to quid pro quo transactions, to promises, entitlements, obligations and consent is problematic enough without focusing on the ways we choose to do it rather than the assail the circumstances that compel us to do so.
Wilson — May 13, 2011
This sounds like a really cheesy way for people who work as bartenders to identify with sex-workers. "Well we both sell our bodies, it's only a matter of degree". Time to update Derailing for Dummies.
A bartender sells a drink. Any positive trait that the bartender has is just value-added, not what's being sold.
wondering — May 13, 2011
Given that some waiting and bartending jobs have (or tried to have) policies where there staff must be under a certain age, and bartenders and waitresses have been fired for getting pregnant or not wearing makeup, I think it's pretty obvious that these are areas in which sex (read: attractive women) is believed to sell.
My brother works in the trucking industry. He owns several pilot trucks (the vehicles that drive out ahead and behind of a truck that carries an extra wide load to warn other traffic). He always hires women and they must be attractive. He says the truckers complain if they have to work with anyone else. They like to flirt with the women over the radio. /personal anecdote
Gayle — May 13, 2011
You're conflating attractiveness with sex.
Attractive het men do well in sales. They tend not to sell themselves or each other into prostitution. One of the main reasons I dislike the term sex worker is it implies gender neutrality. The reasons for this are worth exploring.
AlgebraAB — May 13, 2011
As an aside, the point Lisa Wade makes (regarding how lots of work is infused with sexuality, not just what we classify as "sex work") is one of the reasons why societies traditionally adopt gender segregation. Separating the genders into different spheres is one way of working around the problem (at least when it comes to heterosexual individuals). This is a point that is missing when we discuss gender segregation in other societies (or even our own), where the discussion is usually centered around segregation as a tool of oppression.
figleaf — May 14, 2011
Hi Lisa,
Carrie Dunn over at The F-Word has an extremely nice illustration of the principle that sex work extends beyond, well, sex work.
"There's a heck of a kerfuffle over the Badminton World Federation attempting to enforce a dress code whereby women players would have to wear skirts in competition rather than shorts.
The Evening Standard reported: 'Badminton World Federation chiefs believe the skirts-only policy - which they have backed after advice from sports marketing giant Octagon - will boost flagging audiences for the women's game.'"
Link: http://www.thefword.org.uk/blog/2011/05/short_skirts_an
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I'd also add that this problem with definitions goes the other way in conversations about sex trafficking. Women, men, and children who are "merely" trafficked into agricultural, industrial, hospitality, domestic servitude, and of course arranged or "mail-order" marriage are subject to considerable routine sexual harassment, abuse, and assault both by their procurers and by their purchasers.
figleaf
Don E. Chute — May 14, 2011
I have a new appreciation for Tea!
Alex — May 14, 2011
There are many ways in which I am not the target audience for that tea, to be sure, but perhaps the most striking is that when I read the article, all I could think of was what a horrible job that must be. If you spent five minutes picking tea with your lips and dropping it into a basket nestled between your breasts, you'd probably feel a little silly, but imagine doing it for eight hours at a stretch. (Or more--the article says these are full-time jobs; I'm not sure how many hours a week constitute full-time in China.) My neck hurts just thinking about it.
Kat — May 14, 2011
Not to be totally off topic. But there is nothing that makes me want to drink tea that has been slobbered on and then in between someone's breasts. Ew.
anon — May 14, 2011
I think there's a big difference in risking rape, beating, disease, pregnancy and murder in prostitution and legal work protected by OSHA, minimum wage laws, etc. I've seen people try to claim that any kind of work they have to do but don't really want to is akin to prostitution, which isn't really fair if you think of the physical and emotional risks involved in bartending or working at McDonalds versus those involved in having to have sex with lots of people not of your choosing.
mclicious — May 14, 2011
Thank you for this. I think the amount of stigma that goes towards people in "sex work" is ridiculous when you consider how much many other jobs depend on sexuality, gender performance, and class. It's also funny when you think of how American culture encourages "being true to yourself" and honesty and "keeping it real," and yet we stigmatize jobs that are much more pragmatic and realistic about the reality of sex than other jobs that simply infer and underhandedly require it.
wriggles — May 16, 2011
...it helpfully points to the need to deconstruct the notion that some jobs are “sex work” and other jobs are “just work.” We sell our sexualities in many types of jobs; much of the time, it’s simply a matter of degree.
It's the old we are all whores/prostitutes/sex workers.
Ok, you're a whore, I'm a whore, we're all whores where do we go from there?
Boner Killer — May 22, 2011
But should one accept the "mandatory" selling of one's sexuality (granted they're you know, not asexual, because those people exist, too) be questioned?
We live under a system of male supremacy and thick capitalism that makes it possible for our bodies, desires and sexualities to be bought and sold (women are frequently seen as sexual chattel) - This system needs to be challenged to the ground - the foundation that sustains it. The basics of capitalist exploitation and patriarchal exploitation can not be ignored when talking about "using ones sexuality to one degree or another" this is very different than being penetrated by two penises on video camera so some chap can wank off to it later on. This is very different than the woman who is systematically raped by a system that sees her as nothing more than a hole with zero social power. We can't simply leave this alone and say "Oh, well everything is sex work" no, it's not. Prostituted women and ex-porn "performers" have not felt that this is simply just "any ole' job" - most of them were surviving on what they could - it wasn't some glorious, Hollywood-privileged drenched "sex work" as the "third wavers" in the White West and Amerikkka have proposed. It's a very true, oppressive reality for women around the globe. We shouldn't trivialize the burdens placed on women and their bodies, sexualities and minds by the Patriarchal capitalist machine.
womononajourney — May 23, 2011
So, are any of you really going to go up to a female lawyer and tell her she's "just a whore"?
Besides which, I find the idea that "we're all really whoring," (meaning all women) deeply offensive to those women that actually live the nightmare of prostitution. These women would happily take a job as a lawyer, flight attendant, or saleswomen so the sex with men they never would have engaged with otherwise will JUST STOP!
Blix — October 15, 2011
Watch Nefarious