The sexual assault of CBS reporter Lara Logan in Tahrir Square last week has resulted in two predictable, but utterly depressing types of commentary.
Muslims are backwards
On the one hand are the anti-Islam culture warriors, eager to find in this incident proof of how degenerate Muslims (and Arabs) are. This, despite the fact that there’s no proof the assailants were Muslims, nor that they had any connection to the overwhelmingly peaceful and harassment-free demonstrations. In fact, there’s reason to believe that Logan’s attackers may have been pro-Mubarak thugs or apolitical opportunists. The right wing response to this story was inevitable, but liberal response was also problematic. Film critic and outspoken liberal Roger Ebert tweeted this today:
“The attack on Lara Logan brings Middle East attitudes toward women into sad focus.”
Oy.
I’d like to call Roger Ebert’s attention to the case of Roman Polanski, who has enjoyed a long and celebrated movie career, in spite of his status as a fugitive child rapist. When Polanski was arrested in September of 2009, while attempting to accept an award at a film festival in Switzerland, supporters circulated a petition on his behalf. Over a hundred people in the film industry signed that petition which gratuitously called Polanski’s crime “a case of morals.” Some weeks later, Gore Vidal went so far as to smear Polanski’s 13 year old victim as “a young hooker.”
Has Ebert ever decried the Polanski case for the way it “brings Hollywood’s attitudes towards women into sad focus?” Has he ever criticized Polanski, Vidal, David Lynch, Wong Kar Wai, Harvey Weinstein or any of the dozens of cinematic luminaries who signed off on this petition? Nope. On the contrary, he gave a big thumbs up to a documentary which argued Polanski should be given a pass for his crime.
I hardly expected Russ Meyers’ former writing pal to be an exemplar of feminist discourse, but his tweet yesterday was especially myopic. Does he really believe that the West is so much more enlightened about rape and sexual violence than those primitive, backwards Middle Easterners?
The opportunistic use of feminism is a common feature of the “liberal” discourse in the culture war against Islam. Just look at how Ayaan Hirsi Ali is trotted out by the media (especially Bill Maher and Steven Colbert) to justify imperialist wars and burqa bans, all in the name of protecting Arab and Muslim women from their own cultures. Meanwhile, many of these same commentators ignore the fact that rape and misogyny are also endemic to our own culture. (And that includes our movies, Roger.)
Rape is sexy
The other type of response to Logan’s assault was the usual victim blaming, made extra creepy by the focus on Logan’s good looks and alleged sexual history. The worst offender was LA Weekly blogger Simone Wilson, who, in an extraordinarily trashy piece of writing had this to say:
Logan was in Tahrir Square with her “60 Minutes” news team when Mubarak’s announcement broke. Then, in a rush of frenzied excitement, some Egyptian protesters apparently consummated their newfound independence by sexually assaulting the blonde reporter.
Wilson conflates the historic Egyptian revolution with gang rape. Classy stuff. But she’s not through. In addition to “blonde reporter” we’re also treated to these descriptors of Logan:
“it girl”
“firecracker”
“shocking good looks”
“Hollywood good looks”
“gutsy stunner”
“homewrecker” (this courtesy of a NY Post article from 2008)
As has already been noted, focusing on a sexual assault victim’s good looks and allegedly dubious sexual character amounts to victim blaming. But it also does something even more insidious. It makes rape sexy.
This is par for the course at the LA Weekly, where almost anything can be sexed up. LA Weekly‘s cover art department in the last couple of years has managed to make nearly every topic sexy, from murder to toxic mold and overpopulation.
Murder is sexy:
Toxic mold is sexy:
Overpopulation is sexy:
Rarely do the sexy women adorning the covers of the LA Weekly figure as the subjects of these stories. They’re splayed on the cover to boost circulation, because sex sells and, after all, “what’s wrong with being sexy?” (This isn’t even to mention the content of the Weekly– its abundance of ads for plastic surgery, or its routine back page ads from American Apparel– subjects for a longer post.)
Given this particular aesthetic, it is not at all surprising that an LA Weekly blogger would choose to play up the sexy side of the Logan assault story, taking extra pains to emphasize her “Hollywood good looks.” Even an “alternative” newspaper upholds the local value system. Arab Muslim rapists are bad. Sexy women make great victims. And cinematic geniuses should get a pass.
UPDATE, after the jump:
First of all, thank you to Sociological Images for re-posting my commentary. I’d like to address a a few key points in the comment thread.
1) Obviously, this essay was not meant to be a definitive analysis of Western media response to the Logan assault. I made a couple of observations to contribute to a larger discourse. If the people commenting here are genuinely curious, there are a number of excellent articles that take a wider view of the media response, particularly the way in which it sexualized the victim and reinforced Orientalist stereotypes. Salon’s take is a very good one:http://www.salon.com/entertainment/tv/feature/2011/02/15/lara_logan_rape_reaction
2) I was instead interested in focusing on liberal response to the attack, and how this underscored the tendency to point the finger at the Other, for problems that are also deeply rooted in our own culture. This type of rhetoric is often used to justify wars of aggression against Muslims & Arabs, as well as assaults on the rights of immigrant Muslim populations.
3) I don’t think Roger Ebert is the worst offender. I simply saw in his tweet, an opportunistic disavowal of sexism in Western culture. Following from that, I attempted to show how rape culture is very much a part of Hollywood, its films, and by extension, the local “alternative” rag, which freely uses womens’ bodies to sex up all kinds of unsexy subjects. Such tendencies in our popular culture are so deeply ingrained, that people assume them to be a natural state of affairs. The axiom that “sex sells” is a curious mixture of free market tautology and biological determinism.
Finally, I think it’s telling that none of the critics of my piece have addressed what I had to say about the LA Weekly’s commentary, nor about the paper’s pattern of using sexualized images of women to boost circulation.
As Erika notes above, it’s always easier to point our fingers at other cultures, rather than look at manifestations of the same social ills in ourselves and in our culture. Of course I condemn stoning, FGM and other manifestations of misogyny in Muslim societies. But my criticism of sexism doesn’t stop there. It extends to myself, my local environment, my popular culture and even my political allies. Does yours?
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Matt Cornell is an artist, performer and film programmer. From 2000 to 2004, he was a business consultant in San Francisco for outsider artist eXtreme Elvis. Matt lives and works in Los Angeles. He blogs at My Own Private Guantanamo. Contact him at matt@mattcornell.org.
If you would like to write a post for Sociological Images, please see our Guidelines for Guest Bloggers.
Comments 96
Erika — February 23, 2011
The otherising and demonizing of non-western culture as being backwards and misogynistic is a way for people in this culture to feel better about themselves despite our own misogyny -- which is dismissed as being trivial when feminists bring it up.
pushpins — February 23, 2011
For an east vs west comparison woodstock 99 may be a better subject. http://www.avclub.com/articles/part-10-1999-by-the-time-we-got-to-woodstock-99,52164/
Where (at least) 8 rapes occurred and sexual assault/harassment was commonplace. There was clearly situations more dangerous for women then Cairo at woodstock.
Consider also
http://efukt.com/2372_Sexually_Harrassed_In_Public.html
Jacob — February 23, 2011
Matt, you set out to critique how the American media has responded to the case of Lara Logan and so chose to analyze...a tweet by Roger Egbert? Whah?
Ricky — February 23, 2011
Lara Logan was lucky in that she was only gang raped.
Aisha Duhulowa wasn't so lucky. She was a 13 year old girl who was gang raped and then sentenced to death by stoning for fornication. Surely this not was an unusual case, a rare miscarriage of justice that could happen anywhere, right? No. Islamic courts routinely punish rape victims with harsh sentences, usually death.
Anonymous — February 23, 2011
Only an ignorant Westerner could write such a hogwash on how everything is relative and how Holywood's/advertising world is just as cruel towards women as the Islamic world. Moral relativism is the enemy of real human rights.
What are the statistics about FGM in Egypt, and what are they - if any - in the USA, among non-Africans/Muslims (yes, I know FGM is not a "Muslim" thing, but it is very prevalent in Egyot, we're talking about the Egyptian culture, right?). Do you consider a horrible mutilation the same as some sexist movie?
Next, what about women murdered because they dared going out and living their lives without the interference of brothers and husbands? What are the statistics about that in comparison, in Muslim and Western socieities? Or perhaps I should assume that Mr. Cornell would also murder his own sister if she would defile the family honour, this being the thing to do?
How many women dare to report rape in Muslim societies? How could one compare rape statistics between a society where a victim would be murdered because she had been raped, and a society where a victim is usually supported by loved ones and all kinds of agencies?
Casey — February 23, 2011
This post excuses the entire culture of the middle east from its misogyny and bigotry by claiming that Roger Ebert is not qualified to comment on it because he supported Roman Polanski, or in a larger sense that Right-wing commentators are somehow wrong in claiming that the misogynistic culture engendered by Islamism is bad.
Matt Cornell — February 23, 2011
First of all, thank you to Sociological Images for re-posting my commentary. I'd like to address a a few key points in the comment thread.
1) Obviously, this essay was not meant to be a definitive analysis of Western media response to the Logan assault. I made a couple of observations to contribute to a larger discourse. If the people commenting here are genuinely curious, there are a number of excellent articles that take a wider view of the media response, particularly the way in which it sexualized the victim and reinforced Orientalist stereotypes. Salon's take is a very good one: http://www.salon.com/entertainment/tv/feature/2011/02/15/lara_logan_rape_reaction
2) I was instead interested in focusing on liberal response to the attack, and how this underscored the tendency to point the finger at the Other, for problems that are also deeply rooted in our own culture. This type of rhetoric is often used to justify wars of aggression against Muslims & Arabs, as well as assaults on the rights of immigrant Muslim populations.
3) I don't think Roger Ebert is the worst offender. I simply saw in his tweet, an opportunistic disavowal of sexism in Western culture. Following from that, I attempted to show how rape culture is very much a part of Hollywood, its films, and by extension, the local "alternative" rag, which freely uses womens' bodies to sex up all kinds of unsexy subjects. Such tendencies in our popular culture are so deeply ingrained, that people assume them to be a natural state of affairs. The axiom that "sex sells" is a curious mixture of free market tautology and biological determinism.
Finally, I think it's telling that none of the critics of my piece have addressed what I had to say about the LA Weekly's commentary, nor about the paper's pattern of using sexualized images of women to boost circulation.
As Erika notes above, it's always easier to point our fingers at other cultures, rather than look at manifestations of the same social ills in ourselves and in our culture. Of course I condemn stoning, FGM and other manifestations of misogyny in Muslim societies. But my criticism of sexism doesn't stop there. It extends to myself, my local environment, my popular culture and even my political allies. Does yours?
Tommi — February 23, 2011
Lara Logan's family has respectfully asked for her privacy. To address LA Weekly's approach, none of the media outlets who are writing or discussing this story have Lara Logan's best interest at heart- all too obvious when we are dealing with a white, male dominated industry. But let's look at why they are discussing what happened. The better the story, the better it sells- anything to increase profits. And let's face it, LA Weekly has a targeted audience and researches what their readers WANT to see in their articles.
Aside from the anti-Islamic claims, let's not forget about the politics. We also have the approach that CBS "misrepresented" the Egyptian revolution as peaceful and wanted to "hide" what happened to their reporter because it would show the "true face" of the revolution- I'm hearing this all too often on FB and, quite frankly, I'm sick of hearing it!
I would have liked to see your approach to other media attacking CBS for not reporting the rape in the first place. I was accused of being "less of a woman" because I don't care why CBS didn't report it. Lara is now a pawn in the game of right vs. left. I would like to think CBS was trying to respect her as a human being who suffered an atrocious crime. Perhaps they should have reported it, but kept her identity protected. Instead, other media outlets, trying to boost ratings, have sentenced Lara Logan to wear the label, "that reporter that was raped."
Let's continue open dialogue about rape, it's discussion in the media, perpetrators, and anything else but Lara Logan. Let us come together and wish her all the comfort of the world and respect her wishes- to be left alone.
Matt Cornell — February 23, 2011
I also think it's worth noting that the following search terms have shown up in my Wordpress stats since I posted this commentary.
lara logan arab rape movie
rape film lara logan
lara logan rape .torrent
lara logan rape movie
arab blogs videos lara logan rape
arabic film of rape of lara logan
Matt Cornell — February 23, 2011
Many of the folks searching for a Logan rape video are most likely Westerners, not Arabs. There's a vitriolic, racist comment on my blog that I can trace directly to one of those searches.
It suggests that there are people who get a sexual charge out of rape, and must displace these anxieties onto the Other. This reflex is given support by our own media and popular culture which makes rape sexy, while reinforcing Orientalist stereotypes of Arabs.
AlgebraAB — February 23, 2011
Thought provoking post, Matt. Thank you. A few thoughts, if I may ...
Gender issues are definitely being used to drum up support for American/Western intervention abroad. For example, criticism of Iranian gender relations has definitely been amplified during the past several years, as Iran has progressed with its nuclear program and become much more overt in its support of Hezbollah, Hamas and other direct challengers to American/Israeli foreign policy. My personal standard is: if someone is willing to engage in criticism of Iran's gender relations and human rights enforcement but not willing to do the same for Saudi Arabia or pre-uprising Egypt or Kuwait or any other Mideast U.S. ally, my assumption is usually that their commitment to human rights is insincere and they're simply trying to rattle sabers.
Some have brought up female genital mutilation, restrictive gender roles (to use shorthand for a wide variety of phenomenon) and sex segregation. My question is: are these really Islamic? No, I'm not trying to debate the "real" nature of Islam is or what the "true" face of Islam is. What I mean is as follows ... It is my understanding that there is not a causal relationship between a society being Islamic and people in that society practicing female genital mutilation. The majority of "FGM" takes place in sub-Saharan Africa, amongst many non-Islamic peoples. Likewise, FGM is not present in all (or even most) Muslim nations. Similarly, public sex segregation and restrictive gender roles are present throughout the world. They may not take the precise form that they take in Islamic culture, but they're extremely widespread.
What I'm getting at is: many of the things we are pegging as "Islamic" are really quite endemic globally and are more likely to be the product of poverty and lack of education, not of any one religion. The reason these issues are seen as Islamic issues in our culture is because we're at war with various Muslim religious/political forces. By pretending that these social issues, which are really the result of the way the global economic structure is set up, are really the fault of Islam - we not only morally justify our military intervention but we also wash our hands of any culpability we might have for creating said economic structure.
Feminism is extremely susceptible to both class chauvinism and pro-imperial arguments (which is why I would never call myself a feminist). If we really want to do a comparative analysis of gender relations in different nations, I think we have be much more rigorous. The United States is an extremely wealthy nation. We can afford to import hundreds of thousands of domestic workers from Latin America and Asia and we have an entire service sector dedicated to performing tasks that must still be performed in-home in much of the rest of the world. In Egypt, you have much of the population living on a few dollars a day. Is it really any surprise that female literacy is much lower or that economic opportunities are far less available? Does that justify military intervention? Americans seem to have forgotten about the concept of scarcity. Resources are scarce enough in much of the world such that social progress is sometimes literally physically impossible without qualitative leaps in food or industrial production coming first. Simply put, many of the advances that feminists take credit for in the West are the result of economic progress and wealth accumulation, not structural changes in gender relations. What were female literacy rates and educational achievements levels like in the U.S. when the average income here was the modern equivalent of $2 a day? How common was rape in the rural parts of the West that lacked much of a police presence (as is still the case in much of the rural Third World)? Questions like that seem much more salient to me, if we want to track the respective trajectories of gender relations in different societies around the world.
Finally, you did not mention the burka. Gender-specific restrictive clothing is clearly one of the biggest trouble points that Westerners have regarding Islam. I seem to recall reading that one of the justifications for this type of clothing is precisely to minimize the possibility of sexual assault or harassment in the public sphere. My feeling (and it is just a feeling) is that many Westerners are also anxious about the possibility that modern people might willingly choose to reject the sexually free culture promoted by liberalism. It throws a curveball at those who see such cultural liberalism as inevitable or as the only context in which personal expression can be authentic.
Jackie — February 23, 2011
Matt--this is spot on!
The group Kanak-Attak
http://www.kanak-attak.de/ka/about/manif_eng.html
http://www.kanak-attak.de/ka/media_video.shtml
took a similar turn in their gorilla journalism piece at the Cologne celebration of 40 years of Turkish immigration (Philharmonie Koeln is the name of the clip). In particular, they went around talking about examples of violence against women committed by famous Germans and then asked them if this was a part of Germany's culture. Also had folks read misogynistic passages from the Bible. It really took the Western gaze and turned it back on the Germans in attendance.
It's really hard for me and many of my students to see our own preconceptions, but works like this help!
Knative — February 24, 2011
I disagree with this article. Women probably do have it much worse in all of those countries in "The Middle East" the in the US, and yeah, a lot of that is caused by cultural and religious factors. However, I don't think you can change people's opinions on minority rights from the top down. That's not how it worked in the US, and that's probably not how it's going to work in Egypt. It's really up to Muslim and Arab women in those societies to demand equality. If someone was really concerned about rape in Egypt, then they should probably donate to a good nonprofit organization that helps organize and advocate for women's rights in those societies. Too, yeah, one white woman was raped in a crowd, but the Mubarak regime USED rape to torture dissidents, so things are probably going to get better for women in that country because they will (in a perfect world) be allowed to participate in civil society.
As for theocracy, I do think theocracy is worse than secular liberal democracy. However, the US? Kind of supports theocracy in Saudi Arabia. Too most Iranians WANT a secular government (considering the size of the protests against Ayatollah Khameini) and a lot of the other Muslims in that region do too. And honestly, a dictatorship is a dictatorship whether it's pro-US and secular or anti-US and theocratic. US foreign policy in the region is actually probably undermining women's rights movements.
Lori A — February 24, 2011
Oh, Roger Ebert. No.
I appreciate the retrospective of LA Weekly covers though. Gave me a grim laugh.
Jeanette — February 24, 2011
Well, if you want to know what Ayaan Hirsi Ali actually would say for herself, here is a direct quote:
"It is always difficult to make the transition to a modern world. I moved from the world of faith to the world of reason - from the world of excision and forced marriage to the world of secular emancipation. Having made that journey, I know that one of those worlds is simply better than the other. Not because of its flashy gadgets, but fundamentally, because of its values.
The message of this book, if it must have a message, is that we in the West would be wrong to prolong the pain of that transition unnecessarily, by elevating cultures full of bigotry and hatred toward women to the stature of respectable alternative ways of life."
Matt Cornell — February 24, 2011
Comment was truncated. Trying again...
>>That quote makes it sound as though Ayaan Hirsi Ali’s words are being twisted by “the media”, when in fact, she is the one strongly in favor of protecting certain Muslim women from their own cultures.
I don't think Ayaan Hirsi Ali's words are being twisted. I do believe that her views are useful in pushing the dominant Islamophobic media narrative. We're waging wars in 5 majority-Muslim countries, killing civilians with Predator drones, indefinitely detaining them at Gitmo, Bagram and other secret prisons.
Ali, who works for the right wing, pro-war American Enterprise Institute serves a useful ideological function in shoring up "feminist" and liberal support for these various actions, which have all continued and expanded under Obama.
I am encouraged at the recent emergence of Egyptian journalist Mona Eltahawy as a high profile commentator on the Arab uprisings. She makes an internal critique of Islam and Arab culture from a feminist perspective, without lending support to US backed dictators or imperial wars of aggression.
There are many more women like Eltahawy, but we rarely see them in the mainstream media, because their views buck the paternalistic and imperialist narrative, in which Western military power can magically liberate Middle Eastern women from their oppressors.
>>Oh, and when have Stephen Colbert or Bill Maher supported a burqa ban or the U.S.’s imperialist wars? Well, I might believe that Maher would support a burqa ban (no idea) but the wars both of those figures are very much against and always have been. In fact Maher was against them even when it was more contentious to be so.
Maher has made a number of ignorant Islamophobic remarks. Here's one incident among many:
http://tinyurl.com/32p2sqf
Maher may not be pro-war, but he recirculates the rhetoric of the pro-war status quo. He's also reflexively pro-Israel and anti-Palestinian, often basing this position on the alleged superiority of women's rights in Israel.
As for Colbert, true, he's not vocally pro-war, but he hasn't exactly used his bully pulpit to criticize our adventures in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen and other majority-Muslim countries. Regarding war, Colbert, both in and out of character, has mostly focused his energies on "supporting the troops" in a couple of high profile special episodes, where he treated bigwigs like VP Biden & General Odierno with kid gloves while offering timid satire of the war's aims.
For a more thoughtful appraisal of the character of Colbert's satire and how it helps shore up liberal support for the status quo, I strongly recommend this article.
http://tinyurl.com/4j4s2rg
While neither Colbert nor Maher can be said to be pro-war, we have to remember a key fact about the overall focus of the liberal media in 2011. During the Bush Administration, there was a small, but vital peace movement. And there were liberals and Democrats loudly decrying the existence of Gitmo, indefinite detentions, renditions, warrantless wiretaps, etc. Suddenly, under Obama, most of this opposition on the left has vanished. The goalposts have shifted rightward.
Mainstream liberal commentators now defend many of the things they actively criticized under Bush. I see in the discourse of the liberal media (and I include the Daily Show's "Don't Worry, Be Happy" & "Sane" & "Civil" rally in this critique), as helping to close the gap between the stated values of American liberalism and the reality of the use of state power under Obama. Right wingers are blatant in their dehumanization of the "enemy." But liberals do it too. Partially by denying and ignoring the consequences of the war machine, and partially by trying to convince ourselves that we're doing it to help the women and children. Because we're good liberals. And that's what liberals do.
Peggy — February 25, 2011
Spot on Matt. I often find in conversations that liberals have trouble recognizing the culture war's impact on them. The Time cover story of the Afghan girl with the title 'what happens if we leave afghanistan' is a great example:http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/05/world/asia/05afghan.html. It's telling however that no discussion of RAWA ever occurs in articles specifically addressing women's rights in Afghanistan.
BTW, I think you have expanded the discourse on this topic immensely through the addressing of some of the comments...
Doctress Julia — March 3, 2011
Great article, Matt. I also think that arguing over which things are 'more misogynistic'. It's ALL HORRIBLE.
Gee, which would I rather be: stoned to death or live my life in fear and shame, and die by a thousand little cuts?
And, YES, I am a feminist.
Carol — July 17, 2011
I remember after this happening my one friend made the comment, "she's a women reporter, she should expect this to happen." This comment just through me off! No one should expect to be raped! Our world has just become this strange place to me as I get older. (I'm only 18)
Xiphias Team — September 5, 2011
Thank you very much for this nice article.I like it.