The Centers for Disease Control report that pregnancy rates for U.S. girls age 15-19 vary quite significantly by state: from 66/1,000 in Mississippi to 20/1,000 in New Hampshire (dark and light green represent states with teen pregnancy rates lower than the U.S. average; dark and light purple represent states in which it is higher):
The map shows that, on average, southern states tend to have higher teen pregnancy rates than others.
The Centers for Disease Control reports that the disparity can be explained, in part, by the fact that Blacks and Latinos tend to have higher rates of teen pregnancy than other racial groups such that states with higher proportions of Blacks and Latinos would have higher rates. However, rates among different racial/ethnic populations also vary quite tremendously by state. Among white teenagers the teen pregnancy rate ranged from 4/1,000 (in the District of Columbia) to 55/1,000 (in Mississippi), among Black teenagers, it ranged from 17/1,000 (in Hawaii) to 95/1,000 (in Wisconsin), and among Latinas it ranged from 31/1,000 (in Maine) to 188/1,000 (in Alabama).
Race, then, doesn’t predict differences in rates of teen pregnancy all by itself. In fact, White teenagers are more likely to get pregnant in some states than Black and Latina teenagers in others. There must be something region- or state-specific driving teen pregnancy rates.
The CDC doesn’t mention sex education, but Mike Lillis at The Hill compared teen pregnancy rates to a sex education policy report by the Guttmacher Institute. He writes:
All five states with the highest teen birth rates have adopted policies requiring that abstinence be stressed when taught as part of sex education, HIV education or both, the group found. Only one of the five states (New Mexico) mandates that sex education be a part of students’ curriculum.
Of the four states with the lowest teen birth rates, none requires that abstinence be stressed to students, according to Guttmacher.
For your perusal, the CDC data, by state and race (# of pregnancies/1,000 girls 15-19):
Hat tip to Annie Shields at Ms. magazine.
Lisa Wade, PhD is an Associate Professor at Tulane University. She is the author of American Hookup, a book about college sexual culture; a textbook about gender; and a forthcoming introductory text: Terrible Magnificent Sociology. You can follow her on Twitter and Instagram.
Comments 34
Molly W. — November 24, 2010
Please clarify that these are BIRTH rates, which are NOT the same as pregnancy rates!
A significant percentage of teen pregnancies end in miscarriage or abortion.
jfruh — November 24, 2010
It would also be interesting to see how the birthrates correlate with family income and the average age of a teen pregnancy (a pregnant 14-year-old is quite different from a pregnant 19-year-old).
Jesse — November 24, 2010
I found this article (http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/11/03/081103fa_fact_talbot) "Red Sex, Blue Sex" to be a fascinating read in conjunction with the graph above. The majority of the dark purple states also lean heavily Republican.
Moises — November 24, 2010
I have created a map with the 2008 data
You can see it at http://www.targetmap.com/viewer.aspx?reportId=3221
anon — November 24, 2010
Couldn't the fact that these are "birth rates" and not "pregnancy rates" simply mean the numbers/distribution are the way they are because the northeast has a higher abortion rate? Or it's easier to get Plan B?
Without addressing abortion, this discussion is pretty meaningless.
zoelouise — November 24, 2010
anon 11:56, I agree.
Pregnancy rates would be interesting to see.
Jacob — November 24, 2010
I'm favor of teens' receiving proper sex-ed, but this confused and misleading posting isn't doing the cause any favors.
Causation and correlation are different -- someone teaching at the collegiate level should be familiar with this principle. The fact that states with abstinence-based sex-ed tend to have high teen birth rates doesn't mean that the former caused the latter -- it could just be that these states are lacking in a myriad of ways. The places with high teen birth rates also tend to have the hottest weather...that doesn't mean humidity causes teen pregnancy.
md — November 24, 2010
Since when is pregnancy a 'disease' ?
Syd — November 25, 2010
I'm side eyeing whoever's on that council saying race is a big part of it. It's not like California, Illinois, and New York are lacking for blacks and Latin@s, and Alaska and Wyoming aren't exactly strongholds of ethnic diversity. Not to mention that those 'pregnancy pacts' that littered the news recently almost entirely consisted of white teenage girls. A more consistent indicator among the states is the political atmosphere of the state, which affects how sex ed is taught and which values may be stressed more often than others. The only state than even remotely supports this race claim would be New Mexico (primarily Democrat, but also heavily Latin@).
Lisa, you've almost got it.....though it's not so much that "race doesn't predict rates in teen pregnancy all by itself," so much as "race probably predicts rates of teen pregnancies little, if at all when compared to other possible causes."
Also worth noting is the age range given and the implications of the term "teen pregnancy." "Teen pregnancy" often gives rise to the idea of an unmarried high school aged girl living with her parents. While that is not a stretch for a 15 year old, a person can be married with their own home and a high school diploma, and possibly even associate's degree, at 18 or 19. I don't know how much that may or may not affect the statistics, but since teen pregnancy is usually seen as a problem 'plaguing' children, and not just a fact of life for young parents, lumping minors in with adults simply because their age ends in 'teen' could possibly be misleading.
(Along with what everyone's said about the availability of things such as abortion and plan B)
Rick Machado — November 25, 2010
I am a public speaker on teen pregnancy, and may be able to clarify some of the questions surrounding this article.
1. Yes these are teen birth rates (TBR) not teen pregnancy rates (TPR).
2. The TPR for the US is around 71/1000/15-19, which is not quite double.
3. The abortion rate is about 19/1000/15-19
4. The miscarriage rate is around 14/1000/15-19.
5. So for every 100 teen pregnancies (15-19), 40 will give birth, 19 will abort, 14 will miscarry, roughly. This is not exact, which is why we have 74 and not 71. The difference is in tracking legalized abortion, along with different data sets reporting.
6. All states differ, obviously. NM, NV, and AZ lead with the highest in combined teen pregnancies, births, and abortion ratios, NH, VT, ME are the lowest.
7. The very high TBR in the US has nothing to do with teens having sex.
8. The problem, as I explain to a class, is also not one of personal character, promiscuity, raging hormones, lack of control, the media, music, videos, TV, Juno, Bristol, Jamie Lynn, or anything of the like.
9. The TBR is a function of 10 dynamics, which interweave their way into almost every teen birth in this country.
10. They are, in no particular order, The adult birth rate (ABR), which teens follow lockstep, povery, sex abuse and early sexualization, older/younger economic attraction, violence, lack of reproductive health care as an un-pregnant teen, educational failure, lack of competing choices, male abandonment, and the sad but true fact that often times a teen pregnancy is a good thing.
11. It's a public health problem, a social problem, where teen girls are forced into social corners and pregnancy is one of the responses.
12. The answer to this great problem lies in providing teen girls with a bright and shiny future, something to look forward to, a goal other than being a young mom. That's what works best.
13. I point out that teaching abstinence as a form of birth control is child abuse.
14. Lastly, violence, income inequality, relative poverty and the ABR are all strongly correlated in various papers, in other countries as well.
Thanks for providing this space
Rick Machado
Public Speaker on Teen Pregnancy
paz5559 — December 1, 2010
The story is a prime example of true, true, and unrelated ... the relevant correlation would be the change in teen pregnancy rates AFTER abstinence only (euphemistically referred to in the article as "stressed")was implemented in the various curricula.
Explaining Variation in Teen Pregnancy Rates by State: Race and Sex Education « Real Sex Ed — December 2, 2010
[...] tackles the pressing issue of why some states have higher birth rates than others in their recent article. Although the article is brief, the topic is quite interesting. I hope that more research starts to [...]
Rick Machado — February 14, 2011
Chris, you are very much correct. Basic sex education is part of the dynamic
"educational failure", and acceptability of using condoms falls under the dynamic "lack of reproductive health care as an un-pregnant female", as well as the previous dynamic. They are part of the problem, which is large and complex.
The negative social conditions in the US may or may not be larger than other countries- certainly larger than, say, Scandinavia. But smaller than, say, Iraq. But the better word to use may be inequality and the lack of a mobile and satisfied middle class.
And the US, as I describe it, has an awful lot of unhealthy sex- both physical and emotional. Lots of sex, very little sexuality. Other countries, where adults play a much larger role, show a much better introduction to a young persons sexual life.
America’s North/South Divide (& other regional data) « Marmalade — March 7, 2011
[...] pattern as seen in the maps of income inequality and poverty) – school performance, teen pregnancy, gun violence, obesity & diabetes, disability, nuclear [...]
America’s North/South Divide (& other regional data) « Marmalade — April 23, 2011
[...] pattern as seen in the maps of income inequality and poverty) – school performance, teen pregnancy, gun violence, obesity & diabetes, disability, unmarried & single [...]
Gabby Douglas Doesn’t Care About Your Cause — August 15, 2012
[...] the Centers for Disease Control: Race, then, doesn’t predict differences in rates of teen pregnancy all by itself. In fact, [...]
abb3w — June 3, 2013
Looks like it correlates moderately well to percentage of the state's population lacking health insurance.
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