Katelyn G. sent in a link to a story at The Economist about a new study that attempted to measure the harmful effects, to both the user and to the U.K. more broadly, of a number of legal and illegal drugs. The methodology:
Members of the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, including two invited specialists, met in a 1-day interactive workshop to score 20 drugs on 16 criteria: nine related to the harms that a drug produces in the individual and seven to the harms to others. Drugs were scored out of 100 points, and the criteria were weighted to indicate their relative importance.
Harm to others included factors such as health care costs, family disruptions, social services, and the cost of criminal justice programs to regulate drugs.
The results? Alcohol outranked all illegal substances they considered by a significant margin, particularly in terms of the harm caused to others:
Will this lead to major changes in drug policy in the U.K.? Unlikely. Here’s a tidbit from an NPR story:
…last year in Britain, the government increased its penalties for the possession of marijuana. One of its senior advisers, David Nutt — the lead author on the Lancet study — was fired after he criticized the British decision.
“What governments decide is illegal is not always based on science,” said van den Brink. He said considerations about revenue and taxation, like those garnered from the alcohol and tobacco industries, may influence decisions about which substances to regulate or outlaw.
Comments 32
AR+ — November 14, 2010
People opposed to socialized health care have often said that people would consider themselves entitled to make other people's health decisions for them if they were the ones paying for it, and here we have an example of that attitude, with health care costs being considered a "harm to others." Well, if its so harmful to others, the problem is nicely solved by "others" not having to pay for it if they don't want to, which also diminishes the justification for invading other people's decisions on what to put in their own body in the first place.
But nothing having to do with health care is as ridiculous as including "the cost of criminal justice programs to regulate drugs" as a "harm to others." The greatest harm there is that imposed on drug-users by the state, and the costs of doing so are a harm imposed on society by busy-body prohibitionists. For those same busy-bodies to turn the costs of their social engineering around as a justification for the same is beyond absurd.
marc sobel — November 14, 2010
can you clarify if the methodology takes into account how many people use the drug. For example if a drug is really horrible but rarely used would it show up ? I can't tell from the article.
v — November 14, 2010
It seems to me that legal drugs are used more often and do more harm. Is this really a good argument for making more drugs more easily accessible?
Agu — November 14, 2010
@marc sobel: the article says "However, direct comparison of the scores for tobacco and alcohol with those of the other drugs is not possible since the fact that they are legal could affect their harms in various ways, especially through easier availability."
So yes, how many people use the drug does heavily affect the score. I imagine the list would be different if alcohol was illegal. This list takes into account the harm done in the present situation, with given numbers of users. If you look only at the "harm to user" part of the score you get different results. I think the "harm to others" part is in particular affected by availability.
naath — November 14, 2010
I found you a link
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61462-6/fulltext
;-)
Fifty-Two Cakes — November 14, 2010
I'm actually surprised by ecstasy's low rating on the chart, given that one can never know the dose of this home-brewed pill cocktail and it burns holes in people's brains. Anywho, interesting stuff!
gasstationwithoutpumps — November 14, 2010
I think that the harm-to-others part of methamphetamines is somewhat underestimated here, given how much it increases aggression.
msruth — November 14, 2010
Not being able to view the article I'm not able to tell, but is it viewing harm to others purely in a personal sense or does it include the links with violence, people trafficking and enforced prostitution that are present in the drug trade (or in addition is this looking at purely negative effects in the UK and not considering drugs in a global sense).
I mean these things are basically side effects of drugs being illegal so I don't really know if I think they should be included or not, if they are not adjusting for per person consuming and hence eliminating the side effects from alcohol being legal I (probably) don't think they should exclude aspects which a sequelae of drugs being illegal.
msruth — November 14, 2010
Also, in a significant proportion of drug users there is co-dependence on alcohol. Is there any attempt to take that into account or reflect on how it may effect results.
v — November 14, 2010
If we don't really know how this chart was created, I am not sure there is much point discussing it at all. It just becomes an inkblot to project preconceived notions onto.
Jonathan — November 15, 2010
To call the methodology of this study suspect is an exaggeration bordering on hyperbole. There was no objective metric to determine harm. Instead, each value for each drug was determined by members of the group based on what each individual felt was an appropriate score. The entire study was generated during a one day conference. The effects of selection bias on the participants of the conference is enough to call any findings into question. This "study" isn't science. This report is nothing more than an internet poll with dellusions of grandeur.
Treefinger — November 15, 2010
Crack, meth and heroin cause more damage to the user according to this chart, although only marginally more than alcohol does to its users.
Alcohol causes more damage to British society than all of the others. However, the fact that alcohol is legal may give people social sanction to use it more often than illegal drugs, possibly accounting for some of its dominance over the others when it comes to harm. It would be hard to determine which was "objectively" (or near-objectively) more harmful without the aid of tests done outside a society that sanctions alcohol use and not other narcotics.
I am for the legalization of some of the drugs at the lower end of the chart (for reasons of harm reduction via state control of the trade as well as personal freedom), but I'm not entirely unsympathetic to the arguments of people with more conservative views on drug law.
Having just watched Louis Theroux's documentary on crystal meth use and addiction in Fresno, California, I was reminded that communities with high rates of drug use tend to breed further generations of users. Drug use can be normalized as an informal part of socialization for those with users in the family or wider community, and though this doesn't always lead to use/abuse, it tends to. Though it's debatable whether drug laws have as much as an impact as family systems on the social values regarding drugs use that people may develop, at least it's something to consider. Add to that the fact that meth was frequently cited as already easy and cheap to produce, as well as cheap to buy in Fresno, and I felt some skepticism that government tax and regulation would cut down on crime related to meth.
At least, maybe legalization is only the answer for some currently illegal drugs, and not others...
WomensHistorian — November 15, 2010
I am *really* skeptical of this study. Ketamine and GHB - date rape drugs - cause only minimal harm to users and still comparatively little harm to society?! I suppose it could be that they are used relatively rarely in date rapes (as compared to say, alcohol), but this just does not seem correct to me. Could this be related to a cultural trivialization of rape?
Leigh — November 15, 2010
I am really suspicious of their ratings of GHB and Ketamine (and alcohol) -- these are drugs that are often used to put others into extremely harmful positions. Or are victims of drug-facilitated rape now being categorized as "users" ?
Harm and legality of drugs compared « Patrick Boltze — November 16, 2010
[...] at Sociological Images, Gwen Sharp has posted on the harm legal and illegal drugs cause. A very interesting aspect of this is the correlation between the harm drugs cause and their [...]
Bekah — December 1, 2010
why would your name be fifty-two cakes???
what the fuck