It’s my pleasure to introduce a guest blogger today: Natalie Wilson.
Natalie Wilson is a literature and women’s studies scholar, blogger, and author. She teaches at Cal State San Marcos and specializes the areas of gender studies, feminism, feminist theory, girl studies, militarism, body studies, boy culture and masculinity, contemporary literature, and popular culture. She is founder of the blogs Professor, What If…? and Seduced by Twilight. She is currently working on Seduced by Twilight, a book examining the Twilight cultural phenomenon from a feminist perspective.
The Mommy Myth That Will Not Die: Bella Swan and Global Motherhood
Living inside our media-saturated US bubble, one might view motherhood as a competitive sport (ala Kate and her eight), as a fashion statement (think Katie Holmes and her impeccably dressed little Suri), as a way to prove one’s enduring hotness (such as Heidi Klum’s post-partum walk down the runway), or even as a testament that one cares about the world (in Madonna or Angelina Jolie adoption-style).
If these media representations of motherhood are to be trusted, what Susan Douglas named “the mommy myth,” where women are supposed to be perfect, gorgeous, dedicated super-moms, still dominates the cultural imagination.
Twilight, via the character of Bella Swan, breathes immortal life into this myth. In Breaking Dawn, the fourth book of the series, Bella transforms from reluctant wife into exultant expectant mom all in the blink of one headboard-busting sexual encounter.
The celebration of maternal martyrdom and mothering as the be-all and end-all of female existence that the final book of Stephenie Meyer’s saga enacts is hard to stomach, even for me–a mother of two that loves being a mom.
The problem is that Bella is a modern June Cleaver–too perfect, too submissive, and too ready to defer to her Mr. Cleaver (embodied by uber-dad, Edward Cullen). Once she is a vampire mommy, college plans are set aside, vampire adventures delayed, and instead, she becomes that monster we all love to hate: perfect mom.
Bella could not be more privileged; she is white, heterosexual, has endless wealth, super-powers, and a bevy of around the clock vampire and werewolf babysitters at her beck and call. She will never have to worry about stretching her budget, not being able to afford healthcare for her daughter, not having access to clean water.
While Bella and her similarly perfect vampire mother-in-law Esmee convey that motherhood is nothing but a joy and women who don’t desire babies are cuckoo, the text silences non-white, non-first-world mothers. Why does Native American mother Sue Clearwater have no voice in the story? Why are South-American women represented as fierce, untrustworthy animals? And why is Leah, the one lone female werewolf, called a “genetic dead end” due to her infertility? (This strand of the narrative would have been an opportunity to explore the historical sterilization of indigenous women. No such luck, though. Instead, we only learn she is a complaining bitch, an annoyance to the male alpha wolves who hate having to deal with a female in their testosterone fueled midsts.)
Globally, for many women, getting pregnant is one of the most dangerous things you can do. It makes you more susceptible to procuring diseases, to enduring poverty, to dying. Around the world, one female dies from pregnancy or labor every minute. That’s 1,440 females a day. Most of these women are not located in the first world nor can they choose, like Bella, to become vampires.
Twilight, loved by many mothers around the world, fails to give voice to the realities of global motherhood. To do so may be asking too much of this lightweight vampire tale; but could not the billions in profit the series is generating be used in some way to curtail maternal mortality rates? Seeing as the series suggests all women’s lives are made better by motherhood, perhaps it should put its money where its mouth is, giving more women more access to prenatal care and reproductive justice.
Now, that’s a dream I could sink my teeth into.
Comments 25
What if we could re-VAMP the mommy myth? (pun intended) « Seduced by Twilight — January 7, 2010
[...] http://girlwpen.com/?p=1803 [...]
What if we could re-VAMP the Mommy Myth? (pun intended) « Professor, What If…? — January 7, 2010
[...] http://girlwpen.com/?p=1803 Published in: [...]
Natalia Cherjovsky — January 7, 2010
This is so timely. I have just purchased The Mommy Myth. As someone who doesn't want the typical marriage/children combo for herself, I get a lot of flack from women. I was very upset at how the Twilight Saga normalizes the notion of marriage and motherhood as the route to go. Surely, Bella was against marriage, and I thought that was great...until she gave in to everyone else's wishes and then became enamored of the baby that was killing her from the inside. Not a message I want to propagate in this baby-crazy patriarchy of ours. Great points, Natalie!
Anne — January 7, 2010
Heather, thanks for having Natalie as a guest, and Natalie, thanks for an insightful post!
I especially appreciate your questions of why Sue Clearwater has no voice in the story and how Leah's story fails to open doors to important historical study on the sterilization of indigenous women.
You point out Bella's privilege, which include wealth and a slew of ever-ready babysitters. Bella's privilege (and perpetuation of unrealistic views of motherhood) also include the fact that Bella does not require sleep and that her baby never cries and is almost instantly intelligent, loving, communicative, and self-reliant. Who wouldn't love motherhood if Renesmee was a typical baby?
I think your post could be built out even more through a discussion of Rosalie - the one woman of Twilight who shows some resistance to male domination, through her revenge and her refusal to unthinkingly accept the vampire life thrust upon her - but whose sole unhappiness seems to stem from the fact that she can no longer bear children.
anniegirl — January 7, 2010
The last thing I would want to do is defend this particular series of books. Bella is arguably one of the worst literary role models for young women to come along, but her popularity speaks to the truth of what it is to grow up female. Things have changed but they are surface changes and not as sure a thing as women would like to think.
Motherhood is deemed a prize and a validator. Infertility is still something that is seen as devaluing. Competing in a male environment is also de-feminizing.
However average the writing and the storyline, the characters embody stereotypes that are not all that far off the mark in the cultural ideal of women, men and realtionsips. These books should be a wake up call to women.
w — January 7, 2010
I completely agree with you about Twilight and the mommy myth, but I have to stick up a bit for June Cleaver. She's often evoked as the pinnacle of oppressed homemaking mothers, but I wonder how many people who evoke her have actually seen more than one episode of the show? I don't disagree that she typifies an unrealistic perfect 1950s mom, but she and Ward Cleaver actually have a great partnership and make more parenting decisions together than some parents I know today (where the mom makes most of the decisions). The show, IMHO, showed some pretty ahead of its time parenting by dealing with issues of tolerance for difference and kindness. I'm not saying it is without flaws, but I'm sick of people dismissing June Cleaver as "just" a housewife.
Valerie — January 7, 2010
Thank you for this post! I especially like Anne, I like that your brought up the parallel between Leah's situation and the sterilization of indigenous women as discussed by Clearwater. I also found it interesting that you bring up the fact that pregnancy is so dangerous for global women. Though previously *somewhat* strong-willed, once Bella becomes pregnant she seems to want nothing more than to sacrifice her life for her unborn child. (As those completely opposed to abortion in the third trimester would have us all do!) Great post!
Cara — January 7, 2010
It's a BOOK. It's not real, fiction.
Natalie Wilson — January 8, 2010
Thanks so much for all the comments. I am honored to be guest posting here at Girl with Pen!
Natalia,
Great points. I totally agree that the saga "normalizes the notion of marriage and motherhood" and that this is all the more disheartening given that Bella initially was critical of this path. We do indeed live in a "baby-crazy patriarchy"!
Anne,
Yes, Bella does indeed have many more privileges than noted in the post. And, I agree an analysis of Rosalie is key to this discussion -- there will be one in my book! I like your reading of her as a rebel! So often she is only criticized for her capitulation to beauty norms...
Anniegirl,
Very good point that Bella's popularity "speaks to the truth of what it is to grow up female." When I was at a Twilight convention, I heard many fans share the same sentiment.
I agree that "These books should be a wake up call to women." Yet, for many they seem more of an opiate, suggesting all these norms are ok as long as you have "true love" and, yes, a baby!
w,
Thanks for defending June Cleaver! You have made me really re-think my use of her as a sort of anti-feminist icon. I have actually seen MANY episodes of the show, but not in a very long time. Now that you mention it, I do recall the depiction of her and Ward making decisions together... I was using the reference to her as shorthand, and you are right that this ends up "dismissing June Cleaver as ‘just’ a housewife." Can you think of another character that might better fit the type of mentality/actions I am trying to critique? Maybe I should have used the term "Susie Homemaker"?
Valerie,
Thanks. Yes, the final book of the series is particularly disturbing from a reproductive rights perspective!
Cara,
Thanks for your comment.
Of course it is fiction, but we cannot pretend that fiction does not affect reality, especially a fiction as popular as Twilight! Popular narratives profoundly shape how we view gender, relationships, parenting, etc and to dismiss things as "just fiction" is a dangerous move that fails to account for how fiction can be just as powerful in shaping our world as fact.
gwp_admin — January 8, 2010
Natalie, thanks for a provocative post that reminds us of the importance of being critical consumers of pop culture. I hate to admit it, but it's likely that more girls/young women will read and/or see the Twilight series than will take women's studies courses. Your analysis points out that the lessons learned in movie theaters have the potential to reinforce gendered ideals that continue to harm women around the world.
Merinne — January 9, 2010
n the one hand, thumbs up great article! I really find Meyer’s handling of the Leah character an absolutely shameful (and shameless!) abuse of stereotypical ideas of a woman’s role that needs decrying; I also hate the way Sue (the only strong single mother in the series) is portrayed as a hostile, manipulative bitch. More attention on these apparently minor characters is needed, to foreground the way Meyer creates certain assumptions that couch her more central and obvious sexist, normative portrayals of gender.
On the other hand, eeek – I am currently in the process of writing an article on the very subject of representations of motherhood in the saga, and now I am suffering from performance anxiety
Natalie Wilson, PhD. — January 12, 2010
[...] what if…? and Seduced by Twilight. She has written guest posts at blogs such as Womanist Musings, Girl with Pen, and Feminist [...]
Deborah Siegel — January 14, 2010
Thank you so much Natalie for such a fabulous post! We hope to see more of you here at Girl w/Pen!
Moty — January 14, 2010
Mothers, mom or mother are more than housewives, dating, marriage, divorce, children, adoption, fostering, consumerism, weight loss, pregnancy, school, politics, cooking or work they are love, support, nurturing, honor, awards, acknowledgement and family so nominate your mother or motherly figure at www.mother-of-the-year.com today and help make religion, life, peace, world and love more loving. Have a great day.
thinkingdifference — January 15, 2010
Thanks for this post! It's somehow funny that I'm reading right after blogging about the trope that motherhood is the best thing a woman could do with her life.
Eighth Carnival of Feminist Parenting « Mothers For Women’s Lib — January 17, 2010
[...] The Mommy Myth That Will Not Die, Natalie Wilson talks about the problematic view that the Twilight series gives of [...]
Angela — January 19, 2010
An insightful assessment of representations of motherhood in the Twilight novels, Natalie. I agree with your point that the series "fails to give voice to the realities of global motherhood" and also agree that we "may be asking too much of this lightweight vampire tale" in wanting it to do so--but is it, I wonder, too much to ask that it present at least a slightly more enlightened vision of motherhood? Or that it at least depict motherhood in a way that does not invite the very valid questions raised in paragraph 7 of your posting? It seems to me that even a lightweight vampire tale could, in theory, avoid reinforcing the undesirable messages cited in your post, even if it fails to correct them.
Ana — January 22, 2010
Well I like your questioning and it leaves me with some questions on my own:
If baby-crazy patriarchy, means that women only enjoy motherhood and consider it a sign of personal success, joy and fulfill it because we had been brainwashed over the idea where does that leaves gay couples that adopt or hire surrogates to have kids? Whether female/female or male/male or bisexual couples?
What about the males that are considered inferior if they are sterile by their peers or losers if they can't get a date or get married reaching certain age?
Isn't society at large usually orientated to aid reproduction and child rearing since this is a manner or survival of our species?
Another point to take in consideration is that authors write about their experiences, Smeyer like Bella is white, heterosexual and at least middle class so she probably doesn't have any other motherhood experience to bond about beyond what she might had read before. This reminds me a bit of the accusations of Jane Austen being a classicism because she didn't portray the lives of servants in her novels, or of not being politically aware because her novels were written during the rise of Napoleon and she didn't mentioned it, but the thing is that writers, reflex their backgrounds an if Smeyer never had experiences with the problems of global motherhood I don't think she is ignoring it out of malice intent, she is just fulfilling the first rule of writing: write what you know about and what is the truth...your personal truth.
Thank you for your time.
New Regular GwP Blogger in the House! | Girl with Pen — February 5, 2010
[...] inaugural post for GwP, “The Mommy Myth that Will Not Die,” sparked a lively conversation here, which I urge you to check [...]
Breaking Dawn: Part 1—An Anti-Abortion Message in a Bruised-Apple Package : Ms Magazine Blog — November 17, 2011
[...] with the strong pro-abstinence messages of the saga, the religious underpinnings and the motherhood-is-the-natural-and-happy-ending-for-all-females tone–result in a narrative that leans far more towards the anti-abortion [...]
What if you want a film that promotes “the egg as person” meme of recently proposed pro-life laws? Then Breaking Dawn: Part 1 is the Flick for You « Professor, What If…? — November 17, 2011
[...] with the strong pro-abstinence messages of the saga, the religious underpinnings and the motherhood-is-the-natural-and-happy-ending-for-all-females tone–result in a narrative that leans far more towards the anti-abortion [...]
tinyturk.net — June 21, 2012
[...] with the strong pro-abstinence messages of the saga, the religious underpinnings and the motherhood-is-the-natural-and-happy-ending-for-all-females tone–result in a narrative that leans far more towards the anti-abortion stance.When Bella [...]
Breaking Dawn Part 2: And They Lived Happily Twi-After : Ms. Magazine Blog — November 17, 2012
[...] she has ever been. Gone is the clutzy, timid, lip biter; in her place, a fierce, determined young wife and mother–a status the film, like the book, emphasizes greatly. For example, the camera seems obsessed [...]
http://binaryoptionsscam.org — April 10, 2013
I don’t think she is ignoring it out of malice intent, she is just fulfilling the first rule of writing: write what you know about and what is the truth…your personal truth.
binary options scam — April 10, 2013
Another point to take in consideration is that authors write about their experiences, Smeyer like Bella is white, heterosexual and at least middle class so she probably doesn’t have any other motherhood experience to bond about beyond what she might had read before.