Time for some serious talk about men’s violence. I’ll break it down to make a difficult point really simple.
Number one: Men’s violence against women is a men’s issue.
Number two: Prevention is the best solution.
It’s been almost two months since Chris Brown’s infamous and brutal attack on Rihanna. With our three-second Twitters, four-second sound bites, and a five-second news story shelf lives, it’s like this assault happened a million years ago. It’s so easy to collectively forget and move on to the Next Big Story.
But think back to the leaked police photos of 21-year-old popstar Rihanna’s bruised and swollen face. Although her bruises may have faded along with our collective voyeurism, a crucial issue remains.
The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence reports that 1.3 million women are victims of assault by an intimate partner each year. Do the math. That works out to nearly two-and-a-half women assaulted every minute, typically by a boyfriend or husband.
We live in a culture that shrouds these facts of violence in secrecy, silence, and misunderstanding. We’re taught to confuse abuse with passionate love. Our culture links violence with romance with lines like, “Baby, I only hit you because I love you†— the kind of relentless refrain we see repeated in mainstream movies, TV, magazines, and music.
If a celebrity woman stays in a violent relationship, or gets back with an abusive guy, the takeaway for most people is that that male violence is not so bad. This insidious message, comments journalist Katha Pollitt, reinforces ideas that male violence is a natural part of life, and something in which women are complicit by provoking it, using it, even liking it.
This is dangerous misinformation. It contributes to a culture that normalizes violence and is accustomed to looking the other way, even with the rates of abuse so astronomically high.
But here’s the thing. Whether we’re talking about two megastars in Hollywood or the couple living right next door, we might scratch our heads and ask, “If he’s abusive then why does she stay?â€
It’s a fair question. But the wrong one. The question that goes to the heart of the matter is Why does he hit?
Men are certainly victims of domestic assault. But the vast majority of cases are women hurt by men’s hands, words, and control. Direct service agencies and hospital samples indicate that men commit nearly 90 percent of domestic abuse. Yet, ironically, we’re trained to think of abuse as a woman’s issue. When we’re talking about male violence against women, says violence-prevention educator Jackson Katz, we’re really talking about a men’s issue.
This isn’t about blaming men. The point is more profound and the goal more constructive than that. The most effective way to end violence against women is to stop the problem before it happens. Doing so means we need men on board. We need men taking responsibility, getting in on the conversations about male violence, and refusing to be silent bystanders to the problem.
Rihanna and Chris Brown are high-profile cultural icons. Millions of fans look to them as trendsetters and culture creators. With media giving so much attention to their personal lives, the couple’s private relationship has powerful public impact.
The Rihanna-Chris Brown fan base skews young. So does abuse. Girls and women between the ages of 16 and 24 are more likely than any other group to be in abusive relationships. The NCADV reports teen dating violence is one of the major sources of violence in adolescents’ lives. A full 20 percent of dating couples report some type of violence in their relationship. Teen dating violence is particularly insidious because it happens at a time when young people are navigating intense relationships, sorting out their values, and laying emotional roadmaps for their futures.
A recent study of Boston teens that found nearly 50 percent of the 12-to-19-year-olds surveyed blamed Rihanna for getting hit. But this isn’t just about pop-star punditry. The issue literally hits at home. According to the Boston Public Health Commission, 71 percent of the teens they questioned said arguing is a normal part of relationships and 44 percent said fighting in relationships is routine.
This is startling.
So let’s seize this cultural moment to keep talking — really talking! — about masculinity, violence, and pop culture. Honest conversations across communities about male violence against women are crucial for the safety of teenagers at risk, for children who witness abuse, and for survivors everywhere. We need to start talking across communities because men’s violence against women is a men’s issue. And prevention is the best solution.
Comments
Chandra — April 3, 2009
Here! Here! Prevention is the key. As a survivor of domestic abuse, I recall asking myself, "Why do I stay?" Other people looked at me and wondered the same thing. No one sought to find the root cause of the abuse. They applauded me for calling the police but turned to their friends inquiring why I didn't see the signs. I believe that if men took a larger role in discussing abuse and its prevention, the public would really receive it well. When women talk about abuse, usually women listen but the men need to hear about it from other men.
Ben Atherton-Zeman — April 3, 2009
Yay! Well said, Shira.
I agree - it's not anti-male. My gender is the one causing most of this violence - pointing that out is just the truth, not anti-anything.
If men need to hear it from other men, then we guys need to start speaking up. And one of the things we need to say is, "why aren't you listening when women say the same things?"
Bob Lamm — April 3, 2009
It is certainly essential to address the widespread and ugly reality of men's violence against women. But I don't understand why in many such discussions it seems so important to state: "This isn't about blaming men." In my view, men who commit such violence against women deserve blame. As do men who stand by and do nothing when violence against women takes place in front of them. As do men in the public eye who joke about violence against women. As do men in our legal and governmental systems who fail to take strong action against violence against women. In my view, all of the above eminently deserve blame.
The missing question here is: "Why do so few men speak out against male violence against women?" One of the crucial parts of the answer, in my view, is male bonding. Most men are unwilling to challenge other men's sexism and other men's violence against women because there is a serious price to pay for breaking male bonds. That is one of the distressing realities that men need to discuss publicly and privately.
Bob Lamm — April 3, 2009
Just one addition to what I wrote above. I believe that men in the public eye who joke about violence against women deserve blame. So do men NOT in the public eye who joke about violence against women.
Nina Gilbert — April 4, 2009
Have you heard the opinion held by some that feminism is at fault for teenager's placing blame on Rihanna? Apparently some people think Feminists have confused the issue of gender of roles so much that teens think being equal means taking responsibility for everything that happens to women, including abuse. Crazy world! Feminist movement is the solution, not the culprit I say!
Marjorie Jolles — April 4, 2009
Amen, Shira! Thank you so much for this insightful analysis and call to action. The cultural avoidance of asking "Why does he hit?" is palpable, the absence of that conversation deeply frustrating. I recently heard a scholar describe resistance to studying masculinity as fear of the zero-sum gender game: we perceive any gains women make as necessarily losses to men, and vice-versa. The zero-sum paradigm has got to go! It seems obvious to feminists that everyone stands to gain from feminism. But what can we do to extend that message to those not yet on board? What can we do to make it increasingly obvious that (to quote bell hooks) feminism is for everybody? What should our strategy be for changing the public conversation(s) around masculinity and violence, domestic and otherwise?
katie schwartz — April 4, 2009
Just found your blog, love it hard.
Great post.
I can't believe how many young women felt it was her fault for getting hit. I find it equally revolting that she's staying with him.
Sadly, women are still portrayed as instigating violent assaults. It has to stop.
Bob Lamm — April 4, 2009
Re what Marjorie Jolles has written above... while many feminists believe that "everyone stands to gain from feminism," most men obviously do NOT share that view. Most men do not want to give up all the male privileges that come from living in a sexist society. Most men do not want to take the risks that go with breaking male bonds to publicly support feminist values and initiatives. Or the risks that go with publicly opposing male violence against women. Most men obviously believe that they have more to gain from the sexist status quo than they do from feminist visions of a better world.
Rebekah — April 4, 2009
Shira, thank you so much for this thoughtful post. It is so important for men to stand up, to speak out, to make it clear that this is a men's issue and that they will not stand for any further violence. It is unfortunate that men need to hear these things from other men, but it is certainly the state of the society we are living in -- and we should all INSIST that the media cover this!
I would also second the comment posted about about jokes about violence against women -- unacceptable!
Molly — April 6, 2009
I agree-our media-obsessed culture is teaching girls that getting hit is acceptable when it's not, plain and simple. Glamour recently wrote an open letter to Rihanna from an abused woman, pleading her to open her eyes. We need more support for girls and women so we become a culture where domestic violence isn't joked about or taken so lightly. I like your "take-charge," preventative approach; well said!
Dan Meier — April 6, 2009
As you know, Shira, the Real M.E.N.'s Project (Men Embracing Non-Violence) that I founded years ago participated recently in a forum on domestic violence at one of our local colleges here, an event driven by the Rihanna-Chris Brown event (I sent you a draft of myPowerpoint about men getting involved). Regardless, the forum went well.
One point that's often neglected in academic discussions of domestic violence (which those of us on the ground working with DV see daily) is that, at its core, DV is overwhelmingly about CONTROL over one's partner, NOT an "anger problem" or a "violence problem." I'll often say to a DV client: Is your partner's "anger" a problem with coworkers? Classmates? Buddies? Extended family? The answer is almost always "no." Hmm, he ONLY loses his temper with his partner/girlfriend/wife. Is that a temper or is that the use of rage/violence to intimidate and control?
Batterers use a host of non-violent strategies--emotional, sexual, financial, etc.--which socially isolate and increase dependence so that by the time actual violence happens, the victim's self-worth and sense of aloneness results in her (usually its a "her") going back. It speaks to the power of this pattern of control and domination that a woman of Rihanna's wealth, resources, and social status could have STILL been so broken down prior to the physical abuse, that she returned to her abuser. In many ways, this case is very typical: the public "shock" at the abuser's violence (like many batterers, Brown was seen as the ideal role model, nice guy, etc.), the blame of the victim that she did something to provoke it, and her return to the abuser. All classic.
There's an expression we hear in the DV prevention community: "Show me a woman who leaves her batterer, and I'll show you a batterer who hit her too soon." In other words, when a batterer has laid the groundwork of breaking down self-esteem, socially isolating, using financial and sexual manipulation, using the kids (when their are children to use as weapons), etc., that groundwork makes leaving after the violence comes much harder, even impossible (in the eyes of many survivors).
Men indeed need to step up in talking to our brothers and in teaching to our sons: real men don't hit, real men don't rape, real men stand up for daughters, sisters, and mothers everywhere.
Richard Jeffrey Newman — April 6, 2009
I just want to second what Dan Meier said about control. It is misleading at best to ascribe domestic violence, simply, to men's anger, at least if that anger is understood as the kind of in-the-moment loss of control that everyone experiences, though I obviously do not mean that losing control to the point of violence is okay. To say that men who abuse are, simply, angry men (in the above sense) is to avoid dealing not only with the way any individual instance of DV is systemic, but also with the way that the need for the kind of control Dan Meier talks about is systemic in patriarchal masculinity.
Bob Lamm — April 6, 2009
Wonderful post, Dan. And it's great that you and your colleagues in the Real M.E.N.'s Project are doing this important work.
Marjorie Jolles — April 7, 2009
Re: Bob Lamm's comment to my post, I completely agree! I struggle with this very question. The benefits that feminists claim men will reap if they get with the feminist program (greater access to a fuller emotional lives and decreased violence, liberation from hegemonic masculinities that threaten to normalize every aspect of life, greater agency in constructing what "success" means, and so on) are THEMSELVES feminized benefits. I think that the ways feminism can transform masculinity are not apparent and if apparent, not appealing, to people who embrace patriarchal masculinity. Imagine telling someone steeped in patriarchal masculinity that if he were to reject some of that way of life, he stands to gain a transformed, more egalitarian, feminist world. That's not likely to be a convincing argument to that person, for whom the hierarchical dualism of male/female is a good thing.
I guess what I mean is, for one to consider giving up the advantages they accrue under patriarchy means they are probably already inclined toward feminist ideas. So for those who aren't already inclined, how can we initiate that inclination? How can we shape discourses and expectations of masculinity so that what feminism has to offer is appealing to someone who is already advantaged by an anti-feminist world? How can someone who enjoys a lot of privilege come to believe that they don't, or shouldn't? How do feminist conversions happen among those who benefit from patriarchy?
Bob Lamm — April 8, 2009
The four questions that Marjorie Jolles has posed (perfect just before Passover!) are crucial, brilliantly formulated, difficult questions. I wish I had terrific answers to offer. I don't. But here are a few random thoughts:
1. "How do feminist conversions happen among those who benefit from patriarchy?" I believe that most men who experience such conversions do so because a woman (or women) important to that man becomes passionately committed to feminism. I believe this is the crucial beginning point for most pro-feminist men.
2. In every historical and current situation of oppression with which I'm familiar, there are members of the dominant, privileged group who see and feel what's wrong, who care deeply about social justice, and who make the difficult choice to side publicly with the oppressed group. Think of White abolitionists in the 19th century U.S. or Whites who joined the civil rights movement in the South during the most dangerous times in the 1960s.
3. This is admittedly very oversimplified, but I believe that for more men to come to value what Ms. Jolles calls the "feminized benefits" that might come with the "feminist program," men would have to be willing to FEEL more and to FEEL our deep alienation under hegemonic masculinities.
Limbaugh Dismisses Need For Domestic Violence Advisor - Majority Post — July 1, 2009
[...] 1,232 women each year are killed by their intimate partner. Men’s violence against women is a men’s issue–not something for men to flippantly [...]
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. . . (to be continued)
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