{"id":766,"date":"2015-07-14T15:17:00","date_gmt":"2015-07-14T15:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=766"},"modified":"2015-10-13T18:57:00","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T18:57:00","slug":"celebrity-and-gender-identity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2015\/07\/14\/celebrity-and-gender-identity\/","title":{"rendered":"Caitlyn Jenner: Public Opinion, Celebrity Status, and Identity"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_767\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-767\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/static.celebuzz.com\/uploads\/2015\/06\/vanity-fair-caitlyn-jenner-061015.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-767\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2015\/07\/Jenner-Vanity-Fair-via-Celebuzz.jpg\" alt=\"Caitlyn Jenner in Vanity Fair, via Celebuzz.\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2015\/07\/Jenner-Vanity-Fair-via-Celebuzz.jpg 620w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2015\/07\/Jenner-Vanity-Fair-via-Celebuzz-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-767\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caitlyn Jenner in Vanity Fair, via Celebuzz.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>You may have heard that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vanityfair.com\/hollywood\/2015\/06\/caitlyn-jenner-bruce-cover-annie-leibovitz\">Caitlyn Jenner\u2019s\u00a0<em>Vanity Fair<\/em><\/a> cover <a href=\"http:\/\/www.people.com\/people\/videos\/0,,20927612,00.html\">broke the Internet<\/a>. The feature publicly introduced Caitlyn\u2019s name and correct gender pronouns, as well as gender presentation. Within hours of the cover photo\u2019s debut, <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/caitlyn_jenner\">Jenner\u2019s new Twitter account<\/a> amassed over one million followers, <a href=\"http:\/\/variety.com\/2015\/digital\/news\/caitlyn-jenner-breaks-obamas-twitter-record-1201509590\/\">setting the record<\/a> for the fastest growing Twitter account (knocking previous record-holder President Obama down to second).<\/p>\n<h5>The general public has varying attitudes about <a href=\"http:\/\/itspronouncedmetrosexual.com\/2012\/05\/what-does-the-asterisk-in-trans-stand-for\/\">trans*<\/a>, lesbian, gay, and bisexual people, both as the LGBT group and as distinct identities. Sexual orientation, beliefs about sexuality, adherence to a binary conception of gender, religiosity, and personal contact with sexual and gender minorities best predict attitudes towards lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and trans* individuals, but also vary based on the distinct group(s) being considered.\u00a0For example, heterosexual females are more likely to hold positive opinions about gay men and trans* individuals, but are also more likely to hold negative opinions about lesbians.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Meredith G.F. Worthen. 2012.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com.ezp3.lib.umn.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00380237.2012.712857\"> \u201cUnderstanding College Student Attitudes Toward LGBT Individuals.\u201d<\/a> <em>Sociological Focus<\/em> 45(4):285-305.<\/li>\n<li>Aaron T. Norton and Gregory M. Herek. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs11199-011-0110-6#page-1\">Heterosexuals\u2019 Attitudes Toward Transgender People: Findings from a National Probability Sample of U.S. Adults<\/a>.\u201d <em>Sex Roles<\/em> 68(11-12):738-753.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Though increasing visibility is promising, researchers argue that media representations and discourses of trans* people often still conform to a rigid gender binary that reinforces cultural norms of masculinity and femininity. Jenner\u2019s style choices are already under the microscope, and media outlets are labeling her a \u201cdiva\u201d for her Diane von Furstenburg-clad appearances in New York City.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Kay Siebler. 2012. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/254363583_Transgender_Transitions_SexGender_Binaries_in_the_Digital_Age\">Transgender Transitions: Sex\/Gender Binaries in the Digital Age<\/a>.\u201d <em>Journal of Gay &amp; Lesbian Mental Health <\/em>16(1): 74-99.<\/li>\n<li>Linda Kalof. 1993. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1533-8525.1993.tb00110.x\/abstract\">Dilemmas of Femininity: Gender and the Social Construction of Sexual Imagery.<\/a>\u201d <em>The Sociological Quarterly <\/em>34(4):639-651.<\/li>\n<li>Catherine Connell. 2010. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20676845\">\u201cDoing, Undoing, or Redoing Gender? Learning from the Workplace Experiences of Trans People.\u201d<\/a> <em>Gender and Society <\/em>24(1):31-55.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Limiting the hype about Caitlyn\u2019s cover to her newly revealed gender identity overlooks other reasons why her photo shows up on so many Facebook and Twitter feeds. People already know Jenner as a celebrity, and celebrities arguably fall into a special category when it comes to class, status, and power. Fame can heavily influence individual opinions, but those effects depend on the celebrity in question and a person\u2019s context within the larger population.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>Arnout Van de Rijt, Eran Shor, Charles Ward, and Steven Skiena. 2013. \u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/asr.sagepub.com\/content\/78\/2\/266.abstract\">Only 15 minutes? The social stratification of fame in printed media<\/a>,&#8221; <em>American Sociological Review<\/em>78(2):266-289.<\/li>\n<li>Charles Kurzman, Chelise Anderson, Clinton Key, Yuon Ok Lee, Mairead Moloney, Alexis Silver, and Maria W. Van Ryn. 2007. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/cfd153.cfdynamics.com\/images\/journals\/docs\/pdf\/st\/dec07stfeature.pdf\">Celebrity Status<\/a>,\u201d <em>Sociological Theory<\/em> 25(4):347-367.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You may have heard that Caitlyn Jenner\u2019s\u00a0Vanity Fair cover broke the Internet. The feature publicly introduced Caitlyn\u2019s name and correct gender pronouns, as well as gender presentation. Within hours of the cover photo\u2019s debut, Jenner\u2019s new Twitter account amassed over one million followers, setting the record for the fastest growing Twitter account (knocking previous record-holder [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":495,"featured_media":767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55,13],"tags":[35033,41,38543,470,38545,1434,120,176,29450,306,27008],"class_list":["post-766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-gender","category-inequality","tag-caitlyn-jenner","tag-celebrity","tag-culture","tag-discrimination","tag-gender","tag-lgbt","tag-sex","tag-sexuality","tag-trans","tag-transgender","tag-trot"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2015\/07\/Jenner-Vanity-Fair-via-Celebuzz.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/495"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=766"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":769,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766\/revisions\/769"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}