{"id":701,"date":"2015-03-26T19:12:36","date_gmt":"2015-03-26T19:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=701"},"modified":"2015-10-13T18:59:45","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T18:59:45","slug":"47-senators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2015\/03\/26\/47-senators\/","title":{"rendered":"47 Senators: Cultural Performance and Politics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In March 2015, 47 Republican Senators signed a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2015\/03\/09\/world\/middleeast\/document-the-letter-senate-republicans-addressed-to-the-leaders-of-iran.html?_r=1\">letter<\/a>, authored by Sen. Tom Cotton and addressed to \u201cthe Leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran.\u201d In what the <em>New York Times <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/03\/10\/world\/asia\/white-house-faults-gop-senators-letter-to-irans-leaders.html?action=click&amp;contentCollection=Politics&amp;module=RelatedCoverage&amp;region=Marginalia&amp;pgtype=article\">called<\/a> a rare direct congressional intervention into diplomatic negotiations, the cosigners warned Iran that any agreements they may negotiate with President Obama\u2019s administration would not have lasting power, because the U.S. Constitution grants the power to ratify treaties to Congress alone and Obama will leave office in 2017. Most political commentators were surprised by this senatorial foray into sensitive diplomatic affairs; even many conservatives have expressed concern about how the letter might affect negotiations regarding Iran\u2019s nuclear weapons program. But there are good sociological reasons to believe that the cosigners\u2019 goals have little to do with Iran.<\/p>\n<h5>Jeffrey Alexander argues that social actors, including political parties, develop \u201cpower narratives of civil repair\u201d to redefine social groups. The GOP Senators\u2019 invocation of the Constitution can be understood as an attempt \u201crepair\u201d the damage to America\u2019s international standing they believe Obama has done. In this view, the letter is more a nationalistic statement about who defines what America is than a diplomatic maneuver&#8212;a cultural performance intended to grant legitimacy to future political goals.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.yale.edu\/people\/jeffrey-alexander\">Jeffrey C. Alexander.<\/a> 2006. <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/the-civil-sphere-9780195162509?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;\">The Civil Sphere.<\/a> New York: Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Jeffrey C. Alexander. 2007. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/is.muni.cz\/el\/1423\/jaro2012\/SOC403\/um\/ALEXANDER_GIESEN_MAST_Social_performance.pdf#page=47\">Cultural Pragmatics: Social Performance Between Ritual and Strategy.<\/a>\u201d <em>Sociological Theory<\/em> 22(4): 527\u201373.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Drawing on Alexander\u2019s theories, Jonathan Wyrtzen argues that elite political actors have strong strategic incentives to try to claim national symbols, such as the Constitution, as their own.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.yale.edu\/people\/jonathan-wyrtzen\">Jonathan Wyrtzen<\/a>. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/nana.12037\/abstract;jsessionid=562BD100440B37D1FE2DDEF90170E9A7.f04t01?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&amp;userIsAuthenticated=false\">Performing the Nation in Anti-Colonial Protest in Interwar Morocco.<\/a>\u201d <em>Nations and Nationalism<\/em> 19(4): 615\u201334.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>But even if \u201creclaiming\u201d the Constitution makes strategic sense for Republicans, why choose such a controversial venue as an open diplomatic letter to a foreign government? Craig Calhoun points to the centrality of the nation in modern culture, saying that strong claims to allegiance are especially effective when \u201cthe nation\u201d is perceived to be under threat. The Senators, then, may have used their letter to play up Americans\u2019 fear of unstable relations with Iran.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/aboutLSE\/meetTheDirector\/home.aspx\">Craig Calhoun<\/a>. 2007.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.routledge.com\/books\/details\/9780415411875\/\"> Nations Matter: Culture, History and the Cosmopolitan Dream<\/a>. Routledge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>And Rhys Williams underscores the importance of \u201cblood and land\u201d as symbols in \u201cAmerican Civil Religion.\u201d Iran\u2019s nuclear program invokes both, giving Republicans reason to believe power narratives involving Iran will contribute to a moral panic regarding Obama\u2019s foreign policy\u2014and, by extension, the leadership of any Democrat candidates.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.luc.edu\/sociology\/faculty\/Williams,_R.shtml\">Rhys H. Williams<\/a>. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ecommons.luc.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&amp;context=social_justice&amp;sei-redir=1&amp;referer=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den%26q%3DCivil%2BReligion%2Band%2Bthe%2BCultural%2BPolitics%2Bof%2BNational%2BIdentity%2Bin%2BObama%25E2%2580%2599s%2BAmerica.%26btnG%3D%26as_sdt%3D1%252C24%26as_sdtp%3D#search=%22Civil%20Religion%20Cultural%20Politics%20National%20Identity%20Obama%E2%80%99s%20America.%22\">Civil Religion and the Cultural Politics of National Identity in Obama\u2019s America.<\/a>\u201d <em>Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion<\/em> 52(2): 239\u201357.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In March 2015, 47 Republican Senators signed a letter, authored by Sen. Tom Cotton and addressed to \u201cthe Leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran.\u201d In what the New York Times called a rare direct congressional intervention into diplomatic negotiations, the cosigners warned Iran that any agreements they may negotiate with President Obama\u2019s administration would [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2003,"featured_media":702,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[24887,31357,38543,10458,31364,1046,31360,669,17609,38546],"class_list":["post-701","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","tag-civil-life","tag-cultural-performance","tag-culture","tag-diplomacy","tag-foreign-relations","tag-international","tag-nation-building","tag-nationalism","tag-nations","tag-politics"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2015\/03\/Screen-Shot-2015-03-26-at-2.11.43-PM.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/701","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2003"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=701"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/701\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":704,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/701\/revisions\/704"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}