{"id":540,"date":"2014-10-24T15:10:31","date_gmt":"2014-10-24T15:10:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=540"},"modified":"2015-10-13T19:02:37","modified_gmt":"2015-10-13T19:02:37","slug":"gender-pay-gaps-the-silicon-ceiling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2014\/10\/24\/gender-pay-gaps-the-silicon-ceiling\/","title":{"rendered":"Gender Pay Gaps: The Silicon Ceiling?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella has\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2014\/oct\/10\/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-women-dont-ask-for-a-raise\">been harshly criticized<\/a>\u00a0for his <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fastcompany.com\/3037056\/strong-female-lead\/the-overlooked-leadership-lessons-in-the-microsoft-ceos-conference-fumble\">remarks<\/a> that women should trust in the system to give them the right raises as they go along, rather than asking for raises they feel they deserve. \u00a0While he later \u201cclarified\u201d his statement on Twitter saying that he meant to say that the tech industry must close the gender pay gap so asking for a raise is not needed, research shows why sociologists are skeptical of his arguments.<\/p>\n<h5>The gender pay gap is well documented, and it exists even when controlling for a variety of factors related to wages, such as occupation, work hours, and educational attainment.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilr.cornell.edu\/directory\/fdb4\/biography.htm\">Francine D. Blau<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilr.cornell.edu\/directory\/lmk12\/\">Lawrence M. Kahn<\/a>. 2006. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25067574\">The U.S. Gender Pay Gap in the 1990s: Slowing Convergence.<\/a>\u201d Industrial and Labor Relations Review 60(1):45\u201366.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mypage.iu.edu\/~cha5\/Youngjoo_Cha.html\">Youngjoo Cha<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.soc.cornell.edu\/faculty\/weeden.html\">Kim A. Weeden<\/a>. 2014. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/asr.sagepub.com\/content\/79\/3\/457\">Overwork and the Slow Convergence in the Gender Gap in Wages.<\/a>\u201d American Sociological Review 79(3):457\u201384.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Occupations with lots of female\u00a0employees\u00a0also tend to be paid less favorably than those requiring similar skills but largely done by men.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/people.socsci.tau.ac.il\/mu\/hadasm\/\">Hadas Mandel.<\/a> 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/sf.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/91\/4\/1183\">Up the Down Staircase: Women\u2019s Upward Mobility and the Wage Penalty for Occupational Feminization, 1970-2007.<\/a>\u201d Social Forces 91(4):1183\u20131207.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Mothers tend to be particularly disadvantaged in terms of salary compared to childless women or to men.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.umass.edu\/sociol\/faculty_staff\/bios\/budig.html\">Michelle J. Budig<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/object\/paulaengland.html\">Paula England<\/a>. 2001. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2657415\">The Wage Penalty for Motherhood.<\/a>\u201d American Sociological Review 66(2):204\u201325.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Women can also face penalties for asking for a raise, even if they deserve it, if they don\u2019t frame their request in a way that still conforms to gender norms.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heinz.cmu.edu\/faculty-and-research\/faculty-profiles\/faculty-details\/index.aspx?faculty_id=6\">Linda Babcock<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/saralaschever.com\/womendontask\/Home.html\">Sara Laschever<\/a>. 2003. <a href=\"http:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/titles\/7575.html\"><em>Women Don\u2019t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide.<\/em><\/a> Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au\/staff\/homepage.asp?Name=Carol.Kulik\">Carol T. Kulik<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/psych.unimelb.edu.au\/people\/mara-olekalns\">Mara Olekalns<\/a>. 2012. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/jom.sagepub.com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu\/content\/38\/4\/1387\">Negotiating the Gender Divide Lessons From the Negotiation and Organizational Behavior Literatures.<\/a>\u201d Journal of Management 38(4):1387\u20131415.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For more on women in the workforce, check out\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2013\/10\/17\/where-are-the-women-in-high-finance\/\">these previous<\/a> TROT <a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2014\/05\/08\/women-at-work-when-self-help-isnt-help-enough\/\">posts<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fthesocietypages.org%2Fccf%2F2014%2F09%2F01%2Foverwork-may-explain-10-of-mens-wage-advantage-over-women%2F&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNFC-3f8saKrjJS-EU5hTJSspNaulg\">briefs from SSN<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella has\u00a0been harshly criticized\u00a0for his remarks that women should trust in the system to give them the right raises as they go along, rather than asking for raises they feel they deserve. \u00a0While he later \u201cclarified\u201d his statement on Twitter saying that he meant to say that the tech industry must close [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1953,"featured_media":608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55,13],"tags":[131,38545,38541,76],"class_list":["post-540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","category-gender","category-inequality","tag-economy","tag-gender","tag-inequality","tag-work"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2014\/10\/4185699177_4dce02a415_z.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1953"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=540"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":544,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/540\/revisions\/544"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}