{"id":2833,"date":"2019-12-02T09:37:44","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T15:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=2833"},"modified":"2019-12-02T09:37:44","modified_gmt":"2019-12-02T15:37:44","slug":"precarious-work-in-the-gig-economy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/12\/02\/precarious-work-in-the-gig-economy\/","title":{"rendered":"Precarious Work in the Gig Economy"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"wp-image-2835\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/12\/24336063775_b9fecb5b6e_k-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/12\/24336063775_b9fecb5b6e_k-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/12\/24336063775_b9fecb5b6e_k-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/12\/24336063775_b9fecb5b6e_k-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/12\/24336063775_b9fecb5b6e_k.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>A gig economy worker checks the Uber app for an update about the next passenger. Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/freestocks\/24336063775\">freestocks.org<\/a> via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/\">Flickr<\/a>.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Earlier this month, workers at the grocery delivery service Instacart organized a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vice.com\/en_us\/article\/evjqbn\/instacart-delivery-workers-are-planning-a-three-day-strike\">three-day strike<\/a> over changes in the company\u2019s tipping policy. Instacart has also been in the news this year for a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2019\/02\/06\/technology\/instacart-doordash-tipping-deliveries.html\">controversial policy<\/a> that included delivery tips as part of guaranteed worker pay, which they later said they would change. After the strike, Instacart <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/instacart-cuts-bonus-pay-after-gig-workers-go-on-strike\">eliminated a bonus<\/a> for successful deliveries through the app.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Instacart is just one example of worker resistance in the modern gig economy. Company platforms such as Instacart, Uber, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/instacart-cuts-bonus-pay-after-gig-workers-go-on-strike\">transcription service rev.com<\/a> ostensibly provide greater flexibility to workers, yet all are facing a wave of worker discontent over employment conditions and compensation. Work is changing, and becoming more \u201cprecarious.\u201d Sociologists identify precarious work as \u201cuncertain, unstable, and insecure.\u201d Additionally, workers have little legal protection and bear much of the risk that employers previously bore.<\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/arnekalleberg.web.unc.edu\/\">Arne Kalleberg<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/cssh.northeastern.edu\/people\/faculty\/steven-vallas\/\">Steven Vallas<\/a>. 2018. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/arnekalleberg.web.unc.edu\/files\/2018\/01\/Precarious-Work-CH-1.pdf\">Probing Precarious Work: Theory, Research, and Politics<\/a>.\u201d <em>Research in the Sociology of Work<\/em> 31: 1\u201330.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/arnekalleberg.web.unc.edu\/\">Arne Kalleberg<\/a>. 2009. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/000312240907400101\">Precarious Work, Insecure Workers: Employment Relations in Transition<\/a>.\u201d <em>American Sociological Review<\/em> 74(1): 1\u201322.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Computer applications or apps organize and host a lot of gig work. But workers are finding that \u201calgorithmic control\u201d reproduces the same power dynamics as having an in-person supervisor. In particular, workers often do not know how they will be judged and rules and compensation policies may be rewritten with little or no notice. Rather than allowing workers to choose when and how they work, apps control the actions they must take to get jobs, such as maintaining minimum hours.\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/alexrosenblat.com\/\">Alex Rosenblat<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/starkcontrast.co\/\">Luke Stark<\/a>. 2016. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/ijoc.org\/index.php\/ijoc\/article\/view\/4892\/1739\">Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber\u2019s Drivers<\/a>.\u201d <em>International Journal of Communication<\/em> 10: 3758\u201384.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/alexrosenblat.com\/\">Alex Rosenblat<\/a>. 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520324800\/uberland\"><em>Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the World of Work<\/em><\/a>. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/business.sydney.edu.au\/staff\/alex.veen\">Alex Veen<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecu.edu.au\/schools\/business-and-law\/staff\/profiles\/lecturer\/dr-tom-barratt\">Tom Barratt<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwa.edu.au\/profile\/caleb-goods\">Caleb Goods<\/a>. 2019. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0950017019836911\">Platform-Capital\u2019s \u2018App-etite\u2019 for Control: A Labour Process Analysis of Food-Delivery Work in Australia<\/a>. <em>Work, Employment and Society<\/em>.<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.columbia.edu\/content\/kathleen-griesbach\">Kathleen Griesbach<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.columbia.edu\/content\/adam-dalton-reich\">Adam Reich<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/gc-cuny.academia.edu\/LukeElliottNegri\/CurriculumVitae\">Luke Elliott-Negri<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gc.cuny.edu\/Faculty\/Core-Bios\/Ruth-Milkman\">Ruth Milkman<\/a>. 2019. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/2378023119870041\">Algorithmic Control in Platform Food Delivery Work<\/a>.\u201d <em>Socius<\/em> 5.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For the most recent work on the gig economy see this 2018 book by Alexandrea Ravenelle. Ravenelle interviewed 80 participants of the gig economy, including those who have found success in the gig economy, those struggling to make ends meet, and those using the gig economy to supplement other income.\u00a0<\/h5>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alexandreajravenelle.com\/\">Alexandrea Ravenelle<\/a>. 2019. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book\/9780520300569\/hustle-and-gig\"><em>Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy<\/em><\/a>. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Earlier this month, workers at the grocery delivery service Instacart organized a three-day strike over changes in the company\u2019s tipping policy. Instacart has also been in the news this year for a controversial policy that included delivery tips as part of guaranteed worker pay, which they later said they would change. After the strike, Instacart [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1952,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,13],"tags":[1005,43090,104,122711,143,122707,122712,783,122708,122715,43093,122714,122710,31401],"class_list":["post-2833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-inequality","tag-employment","tag-gig-economy","tag-income","tag-instacart","tag-labor","tag-precarious-work","tag-rev-com","tag-strike","tag-the-precariat","tag-tipping","tag-uber","tag-worker-pay","tag-worker-resistance","tag-workers"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1952"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2833"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2839,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2833\/revisions\/2839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2833"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2833"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}