{"id":2725,"date":"2019-11-04T08:00:06","date_gmt":"2019-11-04T14:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=2725"},"modified":"2019-11-07T17:49:24","modified_gmt":"2019-11-07T23:49:24","slug":"media-literacy-and-trust-in-the-media","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/11\/04\/media-literacy-and-trust-in-the-media\/","title":{"rendered":"Media Literacy and Trust in the Media"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/garryknight\/4659576761\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/10\/4659576761_07f2c65323_o-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/10\/4659576761_07f2c65323_o-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/10\/4659576761_07f2c65323_o-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/10\/4659576761_07f2c65323_o-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption> <br><strong>A man reads a newspaper by the wall, by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/garryknight\/4659576761\">Garry Knight<\/a>, via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/\">Flickr<\/a> CC. <\/strong> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This post was created in collaboration with the <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/hsjmc\/research\/minnesota-journalism-center\"><em>Minnesota Journalism Center<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/195542\/americans-trust-mass-media-sinks-new-low.aspx\">Gallup<\/a>, 45% of Americans <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/243665\/media-trust-continues-recover-2016-low.aspx\">polled<\/a> trusted the mass media in 2018. <a href=\"https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/risj-review\/trust-misinformation-and-declining-use-social-media-news-digital-news-report-2018\">Reuters Institute<\/a>\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.digitalnewsreport.org\/\">2019 Digital News Report<\/a> found similar trends among citizens in 37 countries around the globe: the average level of trust in the news is at 42%, and only 23% say they trust news they find on social media. Further, Edelman\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edelman.com\/trust-barometer\">2019 Trust Barometer<\/a> found that, globally, people trust their employers, NGOs, and businesses <em>before<\/em> the media \u201cto do what is right.\u201d<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Media literacy goes hand in hand with trust in the media, especially for younger generations. But studies show that news media has become neglected in media literacy education systems worldwide. To help young people in school better understand how to cultivate a sense of literacy about news consumption, educators could provide examples of what positive engagement with social media and news looks like. Studies show that recommending what young people shouldn\u2019t do on social media &#8212; something scholars call \u201cprotectionist discourse\u201d &#8212; isn\u2019t very helpful.<br><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.westernsydney.edu.au\/ics\/people\/researchers\/tanya_notley\">Notley Tanya<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/staff.qut.edu.au\/staff\/m.dezuanni\">Michael Dezuanni<\/a>. 2019. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org.ezp3.lib.umn.edu\/10.1177\/0163443718813470\">Advancing Children\u2019s News Media Literacy: Learning from the Practices and Experiences of Young Australians<\/a>.&#8221; <em>Media, Culture &amp; Society,<\/em> 41(5): 689\u2013707.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.emerson.edu\/faculty-staff-directory\/paul-mihailidis\">Paul Mihailidis<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/samantha-viotty-30919077\">Samantha Viotty<\/a>. 2017. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764217701217\">Spreadable Spectacle in Digital Culture: Civic Expression, Fake News, and the Role of Media Literacies in \u201cPost-Fact\u201d Society<\/a>.&#8221; <em>American Behavioral Scientist<\/em> 61(4): 441\u2013454.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rug.nl\/staff\/j.a.c.swart\/research\">Joelle Swart<\/a>. 2019. &#8220;Practising News Literacy: How Young People Develop and Express Knowledge, Skills and Competences around News on Social Media.&#8221; Presented at the 2019 Cardiff Future of Journalism Conference.<\/li><li>James Klurfeld and Howard Schneider. 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Klurfeld-Schneider_News-Literacy_June-2014.pdf\"><em>News Literacy: Teaching the Internet Generation to Make Reliable Information Choices<\/em><\/a>. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scholars argue that it is also useful to distinguish news literacy from concepts such as media literacy and digital literacy. According to Melissa Tully and colleagues, news literacy is defined as: \u201cKnowledge of the personal and social processes by which news is produced, distributed, and consumed, and skills that allow users some control over these processes.\u201d In this model, news literacy includes: \u201cContext,\u201d \u201cConsumption,\u201d \u201cCirculation,\u201d \u201cCreation,\u201d and \u201cContent.\u201d <br><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/clas.uiowa.edu\/sjmc\/people\/melissa-tully\">Melissa Tully<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/emilyk.vraga.org\/\">Emily K. Vraga<\/a>. 2018. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/ijoc.org\/index.php\/ijoc\/article\/view\/7467\/2265\">A Mixed Methods Approach to Examining the Relationship Between News Media Literacy and Political Efficacy<\/a>.&#8221; <em>International Journal of Communication<\/em> 12(0): 22.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/clas.uiowa.edu\/sjmc\/people\/melissa-tully\">Melissa Tully<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ius.edu\/biographies\/index.php\/?bioID=205&amp;rt=Back\">Adam Maksl<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sethashley.wordpress.com\/\">Seth Ashley<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/emilyk.vraga.org\/\">Emily K. Vraga<\/a>, and<a href=\"https:\/\/media.illinois.edu\/journalism\/craft-stephanie\"> Stephanie Craft<\/a>. &#8220;Defining and Measuring News Literacy.&#8221; Presented at the 2019 Cardiff Future of Journalism Conference.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">These 5 \u201cC\u2019s\u201d contribute to how media literacy is part of a healthy, functioning democracy: in a polarized era of partisanship and distrust (learn more about political polarization <a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/02\/08\/the-political-polarization-phenomenon\/\">here<\/a>), literacy can help consumers embrace differences and facilitate connections for the common good. However, some citizens avoid the news altogether. These \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/minnesota\/posts\/i-dont-know-what-to-believe-news-avoiders-consumpt\/\">news avoiders<\/a>\u201d contribute to a culture that evades the need for literacy altogether in a post-fact and post-truth society. <\/h5>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This post was created in collaboration with the Minnesota Journalism Center.&nbsp; According to Gallup, 45% of Americans polled trusted the mass media in 2018. Reuters Institute\u2019s 2019 Digital News Report found similar trends among citizens in 37 countries around the globe: the average level of trust in the news is at 42%, and only 23% [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1952,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[12852,942,10671,3054,8492,142,122662,122661,122664,122663,122657,19828,732,1491],"class_list":["post-2725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","tag-digital-literacy","tag-facebook","tag-instagram","tag-mass-media","tag-media-literacy","tag-news","tag-news-avoiders","tag-news-literacy","tag-post-fact-society","tag-post-truth-society","tag-search-algorithms","tag-snapchat","tag-social-media","tag-trust"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1952"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2725"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2756,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2725\/revisions\/2756"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}