{"id":2539,"date":"2019-05-01T08:00:09","date_gmt":"2019-05-01T13:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=2539"},"modified":"2019-05-01T09:04:06","modified_gmt":"2019-05-01T14:04:06","slug":"sex-trafficking-discourse-and-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/05\/01\/sex-trafficking-discourse-and-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"Sex Trafficking Discourse and Policy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:End_Sex_Trafficking_News_Conference.png\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/04\/End_Sex_Trafficking_News_Conference.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/04\/End_Sex_Trafficking_News_Conference.png 500w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/04\/End_Sex_Trafficking_News_Conference-300x200.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Photo by Office of Congresswoman Katherine Harris, Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>This post was created in collaboration with the <\/em><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/hsjmc\/research\/minnesota-journalism-center\"><strong><em>Minnesota Journalism Center<\/em><\/strong><\/a><strong><em>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/@dgreports\/@dcomm\/documents\/publication\/wcms_575479.pdf\">estimates<\/a> from the International Labor Organization (ILO) and Walk Free Foundation found that more than 40 million people are in modern slavery. The ILO has valued human trafficking as a $150 billion industry, with $99 billion coming from commercial sexual exploitation. Prostitution and trafficking are both illegal in America (except for several counties in the state of Nevada where prostitution is legal), but the two terms are often conflated. With regard to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/j\/tip\/laws\/\">terminology<\/a>: When one is coerced or forced into selling themselves for sex, it is a form of trafficking, and those who enter the regulated sex industry voluntarily are deemed sex workers. <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The \u201cnormalization\u201d of sex work worldwide is still in flux. Scholars divide the international community into two camps with regard to this issue: abolitionist feminists, who believe both voluntary and involuntary prostitution and sex work is exploitative; and human rights feminists, who de-link prostitution\/sex work and trafficking by arguing that some adult women and men are in prostitution\/sex work voluntarily and should not be considered victims, and only those who are forced or coerced to be prostitutes or sex workers should be considered trafficking victims. <br><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.fas.harvard.edu\/people\/orlando-patterson\">Orlando Patterson<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/xiaolinzhuo\/home\">Xiaolin Zhuo<\/a>. 2018. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-soc-073117-041147\">Modern Trafficking, Slavery, and Other Forms of Servitude<\/a>.\u201d <em>Annual Review of Sociology<\/em> 44(1): 407-439.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/socialwork.utexas.edu\/directory\/busch\/\">No\u00ebl Bridget Busch-Armendariz<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/socialwork.chass.ncsu.edu\/about\/faculty_staff\/mbnsonwu\">Maura Nsonwu<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stedwards.edu\/directory\/employees\/laurie-c-heffron\">Laurie Cook Heffron<\/a> (Eds.). 2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Human-Trafficking-Applying-Research-Studies\/dp\/1506305725\"><em>Human Trafficking: Applying Research, Theory, and Case Studies<\/em><\/a>. Los Angeles: SAGE.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/isim.georgetown.edu\/Mark-Lagon\">Mark P. Lagon<\/a>. 2017. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0043820017715572\">Reflections on Global Justice and American Exceptionalism<\/a>.\u201d <em>World Affairs<\/em> 180(1): 42\u201363.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/cssh.northeastern.edu\/people\/faculty\/amy-farrell\/\">Amy Farrell<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/met\/faculty\/full-time\/shea-cronin\/\">Shea Cronin<\/a>. 2015. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10611-015-9588-0\">Policing Prostitution in an Era of Human Trafficking &nbsp;Enforcement<\/a>.\u201d <em>Crime, Law and Social Change<\/em> 64(4\u20135): 211\u2013228.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/barnard.edu\/profiles\/elizabeth-bernstein\">Elizabeth Bernstein<\/a>. 2010. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/652918\">Militarized Humanitarianism Meets Carceral Feminism: The Politics of Sex, Rights, and Freedom in Contemporary Antitrafficking Campaigns<\/a>.\u201d <em>Signs: Journal of Women in Culture &amp; Society<\/em> 36(1): 45\u201371.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Scholars demonstrate that NGO coverage of trafficking often portrays \u201cideal victim\u201d and \u201cideal perpetrator\u201d stereotypes that don\u2019t always reflect the truth about who is subject to trafficking worldwide. Further, journalistic coverage of trafficking is often written through the lens of \u201cepisodic\u201d frames that provide personal narratives but lack trend statistics, quotes from experts, or social forces at play in perpetuating demand for trafficking worldwide. <br><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.regis.edu\/RC\/Academics\/Departments-and-Faculty\/Communication\/Communication-Faculty\/Sobel-Meghan.aspx\">Meghan Sobel<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/jomc.unc.edu\/directory\/faculty\/barbara-friedman\">Barbara Friedman<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/jomc.unc.edu\/directory\/faculty\/anne-m-johnston\">Anne Johnston<\/a>. 2017. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23322705.2017.1401426\">Sex Trafficking as a News Story: Evolving Structure and Reporting Strategies<\/a>.\u201d <em>Journal of Human Trafficking<\/em>: 1\u201317.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/staff.qut.edu.au\/staff\/erin.obrien\">Erin O\u2019Brien<\/a>. 2016. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0964663915593410\">Human Trafficking Heroes and Villains: Representing the Problem in Anti-Trafficking Awareness Campaigns<\/a>.\u201d <em>Social &amp; Legal Studies<\/em> 25(2): 205\u2013224.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.bentley.edu\/details.asp?uname=jgulati\">Girish J. Gulati<\/a>. 2011. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12142-010-0184-5\">News Frames and Story Triggers in the Media\u2019s Coverage of Human Trafficking<\/a>.\u201d <em>Human Rights Review<\/em>, <em>12<\/em>(3): 363\u2013379.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">As anti-trafficking campaigns evolve in the Digital Age, technology also plays an integral role in efforts to curb demand and address supply that flows through social media networks and the Internet. Initiatives &#8212; including research about online demand for sex and working partnerships between social scientists, law enforcement, and anti-trafficking NGOs &#8212; are shaping the future of anti-trafficking efforts worldwide. <br><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/ri-faculty\/artur-w-dubrawski\/\">Artur Dubrawski<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ri.cmu.edu\/ri-people\/james-kyle-miller\/\">Kyle Miller<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/homes.cs.washington.edu\/~mbarnes\/\">Matthew Barnes<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/~boecking\/\">Benedikt Boecking<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emilykennedy.org\/\">Emily Kennedy<\/a>. 2015. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23322705.2015.1015342\">Leveraging Publicly Available Data to Discern Patterns of Human-Trafficking Activity<\/a>.\u201d <em>Journal of Human Trafficking<\/em> 1(1): 65\u201385.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wellesley.edu\/wgst\/faculty\/musto\">Jennifer Lynne Musto<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.danah.org\/\">danah boyd<\/a>. 2014. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sp\/jxu018\">The Trafficking-Technology Nexus<\/a>.\u201d <em>Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State &amp; Society<\/em> 21(3): 461\u2013483.<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wesleyan.edu\/academics\/faculty\/mthakor\/profile.html\">Mitali Thakor<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.danah.org\/\">danah boyd<\/a>. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10624-012-9286-6\">Networked Trafficking: Reflections on Technology and the Anti-trafficking Movement<\/a>.\u201d <em>Dialectical Anthropology<\/em> 37(2): 277\u2013290.<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This post was created in collaboration with the Minnesota Journalism Center. Recent estimates from the International Labor Organization (ILO) and Walk Free Foundation found that more than 40 million people are in modern slavery. The ILO has valued human trafficking as a $150 billion industry, with $99 billion coming from commercial sexual exploitation. Prostitution and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,55,13,85],"tags":[115609,115608,40742,38547,131,245,38545,461,115611,2867,38541,143,38546,670,120,115603,9094,291,115605,4632,176,798,3659,133,76],"class_list":["post-2539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-gender","category-inequality","category-politics","tag-abolition","tag-abolition-feminists","tag-coercion","tag-crime","tag-economy","tag-feminism","tag-gender","tag-human-rights","tag-human-rights-feminists","tag-human-trafficking","tag-inequality","tag-labor","tag-politics","tag-prostitution","tag-sex","tag-sex-traffic","tag-sex-trafficking","tag-sex-work","tag-sex-worker","tag-sexual-violence","tag-sexuality","tag-slavery","tag-victims","tag-violence","tag-work"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2539"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2550,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2539\/revisions\/2550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}