{"id":2397,"date":"2019-02-14T08:00:57","date_gmt":"2019-02-14T14:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=2397"},"modified":"2019-02-12T11:08:23","modified_gmt":"2019-02-12T17:08:23","slug":"love-behind-bars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/02\/14\/love-behind-bars\/","title":{"rendered":"Love Behind Bars"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2400\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2400\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/karenapricot\/1479238578\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2400\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/02\/1479238578_53e6f658dc_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/02\/1479238578_53e6f658dc_z.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/02\/1479238578_53e6f658dc_z-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2400\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of a package wrapped in brown paper. Photo by Karen Apricot, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Every February, people strive to get reservations in a romantic restaurant, find the right present for the person they love, or send a passionate letter to convey their feelings. But this does not work for everybody. As confinement can prevent prison populations from dating or buying gifts, prisoners and their partners experience Valentine\u2019s Day as a reminder of the far-reaching consequences of the deprivation of their freedom. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Contemporary kinship and family heavily rely on the consumption of goods to express love and affection. However, prison confinement alters <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/giftformsfunctio00maus\">conventional rules of exchange and reciprocity<\/a>. Because of security concerns, correctional authorities eliminate spaces where prisoners can demonstrate physical affection and sustain loving relationships with their partners. Since prisoners also lose the possibility of earning a decent salary and purchasing and exchanging goods, they are prevented from providing for their families, let alone offering them gifts. The difficulties of sustaining loving relationships threatens prisoners identities as spouses, partners, and parents. Men in prison not only lose their freedom, but also their sexual autonomy and sense of masculinity.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Gresham-M-Sykes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gresham M. Sykes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2007. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/titles\/8390.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Society of Captives: A Study of a Maximum Security Prison<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Princeton University Press.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Erving-Goffman\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erving Goffman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Asylums-Essays-on-the-Social-Situation-of-Mental-Patients-and-Other-Inmates\/Goffman\/p\/book\/9781351327763\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Routledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Partners of the incarcerated report feeling the burden of alleviating the pains of imprisonment and compensating prison deficiencies by satisfying the needs of their loved ones. Research has found that women in lower income groups spend a substantial portion of their annual income on visits, telephone calls, and packages for their incarcerated partners. While maintaining ties to family during confinement have potential benefits for the imprisoned, the desire to maintain the most basic level of connection involves significant costs, both social and economic, for prisoners&#8217; families.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uvm.edu\/cas\/sociology\/profiles\/laura-fishman\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Laura T. Fishman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1990.<\/span> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sunypress.edu\/p-915-women-at-the-wall.aspx\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women at the Wall: A Study of Prisoners&#8217; Wives Doing Time on the Outside<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Suny Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/48517477_Olga_Grinstead_Reznick\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olga Grinstead<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/39377716_Bonnie_Faigeles\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bonnie Faigeles<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/scientific-contributions\/79028823_Carrie_Bancroft\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carrie Bancroft<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ucjusticehealth.com\/barry-zack\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Barry Zack<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2001. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12111-001-1014-2.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Financial Cost of Maintaining Relationships with Incarcerated African American Men: A Survey of Women Prison Visitors<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of African American Men<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 6(1): 59\u201370.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rscj.newark.rutgers.edu\/people\/faculty\/christian-johnna\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Johnna Christian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jjay.cuny.edu\/faculty\/jeff-mellow\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeff Mellow<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.bmcc.cuny.edu:7002\/faculty\/fp.jsp?f=shthomas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shenique Thomas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2006. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0047235206000626\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social and Economic Implications of Family Connections to Prisoners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d J<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ournal of Criminal Justice<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 34(4): 443\u2013452.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>To circumvent the barriers to demonstrating affection, prisoners and their families resort to creative alternatives to express their love. By adorning and scenting letters, for instance, they create bodily substitutes that convey a sense of physical involvement and mitigate the deprivation of bodily contact that characterizes prison confinement. Despite security concerns, prison administrators have implemented family-visit areas and allowed overnight visits, which allow families and couples to create a sense of intimacy that challenges the emotional deprivations of imprisonment.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.megancomfort.net\/about\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Megan Comfort<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/D\/bo5485741.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doing Time Together: Love and Family in the Shadow of the Prison<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. University of Chicago Press. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sccjr.ac.uk\/about-us\/people\/cara-jardine\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cara Jardine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjc\/article\/58\/1\/114\/2982028\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Constructing and Maintaining Family in the Context of Imprisonment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The British Journal of Criminology <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">58(1): 114-131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Every February, people strive to get reservations in a romantic restaurant, find the right present for the person they love, or send a passionate letter to convey their feelings. But this does not work for everybody. As confinement can prevent prison populations from dating or buying gifts, prisoners and their partners experience Valentine\u2019s Day as [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,55,13],"tags":[38547,70,38545,37640,16451,12898,38541,32433,1976,16452,145,455,99,10068,176],"class_list":["post-2397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-gender","category-inequality","tag-crime","tag-family","tag-gender","tag-gifts","tag-imprisonment","tag-incarceration","tag-inequality","tag-intimacy","tag-masculinity","tag-mass-incarceration","tag-prison","tag-punishment","tag-relationships","tag-romance","tag-sexuality"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2397"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2401,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2397\/revisions\/2401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}