{"id":2351,"date":"2019-01-22T13:00:44","date_gmt":"2019-01-22T19:00:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=2351"},"modified":"2019-01-25T09:26:46","modified_gmt":"2019-01-25T15:26:46","slug":"social-experiences-of-infertility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/01\/22\/social-experiences-of-infertility\/","title":{"rendered":"Social Experiences of Infertility"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2354\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2354\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/zeissmicro\/27771482282\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2354\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/01\/27771482282_301605b97f_z-600x475.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/01\/27771482282_301605b97f_z-600x475.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/01\/27771482282_301605b97f_z-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2019\/01\/27771482282_301605b97f_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2354\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo of cells during in vitro fertilization. Photo by ZEISS Microscopy, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Michelle Obama\u2019s recent book, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Becoming, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">she <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2018\/11\/16\/668349859\/michelle-obamas-miscarriage-story-may-help-other-women-share-theirs\">shares her experiences with infertility<\/a> &#8212; including miscarriages and in vitro fertilization (IVF) &#8212; a subject often fraught with secrecy in the United States. She is certainly not alone: according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/fastats\/infertility.htm\">Center for Disease Control<\/a>, over 12% of women in the United States either have trouble conceiving or carrying a fetus in utero, and more than seven million women have reported using infertility services. Social science research helps us understand how women experience barriers to having biological children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Issues with fertility come with a variety of social and psychological consequences. Many women do not feel supported by family and friends, and they may even feel stigmatized for their infertility. These unsupportive responses can lead to depression and other psychological distress, especially if women do not conceive or give birth later on. However, some research suggests that psychological distress may not be long lasting.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Erica_Mindes\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erica J. Mindes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psychology.vcu.edu\/people\/faculty\/ingram.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kathleen M. Ingram<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/psychology.vcu.edu\/people\/faculty\/kliewer.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wendy Kliewer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and Cathy A. James. 2003. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0277953602002216\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Longitudinal Analyses of the Relationship between Unsupportive Social Interaction and Psychological Adjustment among Women with Fertility Problems<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Science &amp; Medicine <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">56(10): 2165-2180.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/soc.unl.edu\/julia-mcquillan\">Julia McQuilan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.demographic-research.org\/authors\/4093.htm\">Arthur L. Greil<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/directory.unl.edu\/?uid=lwhite3\">Lynn White<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/women\/programs\/leadership\/mary-casey-jacob.aspx\">Mary Casey Jacob<\/a>. 2004. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2003.01007.x\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frustrated Fertility: Infertility and Psychological Distress Among Women<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Marriage and Family <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65(4): 1007-1018.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/public-health\/about\/faculty-staff\/academic-listing\/katerina-maximova\">Katerina Maximova<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/sociology\/faculty\/quesnelvallee\">Am\u00e9lie Quesnel-Vall\u00e9e<\/a>. 2009. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953608005789\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mental Health Consequences of Unintended Childlessness and Unplanned Births: Gender Differences and Life Course Dynamics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Science &amp; Medicine <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">68(5): 850-857.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women use various methods of coping with stigma. They withdraw from relationships where the feel stigmatized, they use humor, and even throw the stigma back on pregnant women that they view as undeserving mothers. And research shows that family structure and family responses affect how women cope. For example, in cultures that prioritize the nuclear family (biological parents and children) instead of the extended family, women may have a harder time coping with infertility.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ipsr.ku.edu\/migration\/affiliates.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Natalie Anne Jansen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.ku.edu\/jarron-m-saint-onge\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jarron M. Saint Onge<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0277953615302100\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Internet Forum Analysis of Stigma Power Perceptions among Women Seeking Fertility Treatment in the United States<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Science &amp; Medicine <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">147: 184-189<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dur.ac.uk\/research\/directory\/staff\/?id=131\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katherine R. Hampshire<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reprosoc.sociology.cam.ac.uk\/directory\/mwenza-blell\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mwenza T. Blell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dur.ac.uk\/anthropology\/staff\/academic\/?id=141\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bob Simpson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0277953612000639\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018Everybody is Moving On\u2019: Infertility, Relationality and the Aesthetics of Family among British-Pakistani Muslims<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Science &amp; Medicine <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74(7): 1045-1052. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technological advances in fertility treatments in past decades means there are more options for women who struggle with fertility. However, these treatments &#8212; unlike birth control &#8212; are often expensive and thus are still inaccessible to women of lower socioeconomic status. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smith.edu\/academics\/faculty\/leslie-king\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Leslie King<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maxwell.syr.edu\/soc\/cpr\/Harrington_Meyer,_Madonna\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Madonna Harrington Meyer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1997. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/089124397011001002\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Politics Of Reproductive Benefits: U.S. Insurance Coverage of Contraceptive and Infertility Treatments<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">11(1): 8-30. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.soc.udel.edu\/people\/faculty\/avbell\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ann V. Bell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0891243209343708\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s Way out of my League: Low-Income Women\u2019s Experiences of Medicalized Infertility<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">23(5): 688-709. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Michelle Obama\u2019s recent book, Becoming, she shares her experiences with infertility &#8212; including miscarriages and in vitro fertilization (IVF) &#8212; a subject often fraught with secrecy in the United States. She is certainly not alone: according to the Center for Disease Control, over 12% of women in the United States either have trouble conceiving [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,33,13],"tags":[35,564,2726,38545,38544,38541,27480,16782,565,110533,31393,3109,102568,4374,3397,27708,1969],"class_list":["post-2351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gender","category-health","category-inequality","tag-children","tag-depression","tag-fertility","tag-gender","tag-health","tag-inequality","tag-infertility","tag-ivf","tag-mental-health","tag-miscarriage","tag-mother","tag-motherhood","tag-parent","tag-parenting","tag-reproduction","tag-reproductive-health","tag-stigma"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2351"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2367,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2351\/revisions\/2367"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}