{"id":2067,"date":"2019-06-10T08:00:41","date_gmt":"2019-06-10T13:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=2067"},"modified":"2019-06-13T19:10:40","modified_gmt":"2019-06-14T00:10:40","slug":"queering-criminality-and-victimization","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/06\/10\/queering-criminality-and-victimization\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cQueering\u201d Criminality and Victimization"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2074\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2074\" style=\"width: 533px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fredisonfire\/27644670106\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2074\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/06\/27644670106_9b5a21e867_z-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"533\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/06\/27644670106_9b5a21e867_z-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/06\/27644670106_9b5a21e867_z-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/06\/27644670106_9b5a21e867_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2074\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Fred:, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Originally published June 22, 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2017 critically-acclaimed documentary <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.checkitfilm.com\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check It<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0depicts the lives of a group gay and transgender youth from Washington D.C., who create a gang to help protect themselves from bullying and violence in their community. Although the film claims that the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Check It<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> group is \u201cthe only gay gang documented in America, maybe even the world,\u201d evidence suggests that gay gang members may be more common. While research on crime typically portrays gang members as predominantly heterosexual men of color, such visions of gang life have overlooked the experiences of gay gang members. Recent scholarship attempts to incorporate LGBT voices into our understandings of gangs and violence, and move past the often one-sided depictions of LGBT people as victims of hate crimes. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Although researchers have been studying the hate crime victimization of gay men, and to a lesser extent other LGBT identities, they often limit queer experiences as passive or lacking agency. Evidence suggests that various intersections of a LGBT person\u2019s identity including race, class, and gender identity, influence both their likelihood of being victims of hate crimes and their perceptions of the harmful impacts of the victimization experience itself. Scholars also critique hate crime politics and legislation for treating queer violence as individualized and abnormal, rather than highlighting the systematic ways that LGBT people are oppressed and excluded in mainstream society that facilitates this violence.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/facultysites.dss.ucdavis.edu\/~gmherek\/Herek\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gregory M. Herek<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0886260508316477\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hate Crimes and Stigma-Related Experiences among Sexual Minority Adults in the United States: Prevalence Estimates from a National Probability Sample<\/span><\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Interpersonal Violence<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">24:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a054\u201374.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wgs.virginia.edu\/faculty\/profile\/dom6e\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doug Meyer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0891243212461299\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An Intersectional Analysis of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People\u2019s Evaluations of Anti-Queer Violence<\/span><\/a>.&#8221;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">26(6): 849-873.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wgs.virginia.edu\/faculty\/profile\/dom6e\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Doug Meyer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007%2Fs10612-013-9228-x.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resisting Hate Crime Discourse: Queer and Intersectional Challenges to Neoliberal Hate Crime Laws<\/span><\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Critical Criminology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">22<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1): 113-125.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.beacon.org\/cw_contributorinfo.aspx?ContribID=672&amp;Name=Joey+L.+Mogul\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Joey L. Mogul<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/andreajritchie.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andrea J. Ritchie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lgbtran.org\/Profile.aspx?ID=46\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kay Whitlock.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2011. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.beacon.org\/Queer-InJustice-P707.aspx\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queer Injustice: The Criminalization of LGBT People in the United States<\/span><\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beacon Press. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>We know far less about how LGBTQ individuals participate in gang activity and violence. New investigations into gay gang members challenges heteronormative assumptions about participation in violent crime. This work, spearheaded by sociologist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.odu.edu\/directory\/people\/v\/vpanfil\">Vanessa R. Panfil<\/a>, demonstrates how these gay men must reconcile their sexuality in an overtly masculine and homophobic gang culture. Panfil shows that while some of her participants participated in predominantly straight or mixed-sexuality gangs, others were part of queer friendship networks that created their own &#8212; and self-defined as &#8212; \u201cgangs\u201d in order to protect themselves from discrimination, bullying, and violence in their neighborhoods, much like the friends in <em>Check It<\/em>.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.odu.edu\/directory\/people\/v\/vpanfil\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vanessa R. Panfil<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-1-4614-9188-0_7\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I Will Fight You Like I\u2019m Straight\u201d: Gay Gang-and Crime-Involved Men\u2019s Participation in Violence<\/span><\/a>.&#8221;<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Pp. 121-145 in\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Handbook of LGBT Communities, Crime, and Justice.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0New York: Springer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.odu.edu\/directory\/people\/v\/vpanfil\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vanessa R. Panfil<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2018. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nyupress.org\/books\/9781479870028\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gang\u2019s All Queer: The Lives of Gay Gang Members.<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0New York:\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New York University Press. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cQueering\u201d criminal behavior breaks down inaccurate understandings of how violence operates. Among gay gang members, it isn\u2019t just about untethered masculinity. LGBT perspectives highlight how binaries such as \u201cvictim\u201d and \u201cperpetrator,\u201d and even the very idea of what constitutes a \u201cgang,\u201d\u00a0 are often superfluous, inaccurate, and stigmatizing. Incorporating queer voices into studies of criminal behavior and punishment helps to disentangle how the various intersections of identities shape criminal behavior and criminalization. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originally published June 22, 2018. The 2017 critically-acclaimed documentary Check It\u00a0depicts the lives of a group gay and transgender youth from Washington D.C., who create a gang to help protect themselves from bullying and violence in their community. Although the film claims that the Check It group is \u201cthe only gay gang documented in America, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,15,55,13,14],"tags":[38547,38543,470,430,105258,38545,2834,2836,105261,347,38541,778,1434,1976,779,38542,176,133],"class_list":["post-2067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-culture","category-gender","category-inequality","category-race","tag-crime","tag-culture","tag-discrimination","tag-gangs","tag-gay-gangs","tag-gender","tag-heteronormative","tag-heterosexuality","tag-homophobic","tag-identity","tag-inequality","tag-intersectionality","tag-lgbt","tag-masculinity","tag-queer","tag-race","tag-sexuality","tag-violence"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2067"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2580,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2067\/revisions\/2580"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}