{"id":1792,"date":"2018-02-06T11:30:51","date_gmt":"2018-02-06T17:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1792"},"modified":"2018-02-20T15:29:41","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T21:29:41","slug":"sporting-mega-events-and-urban-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2018\/02\/06\/sporting-mega-events-and-urban-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Sporting Mega-Events and Urban Inequality"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1795\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1795\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/samchurchill\/12372020233\/in\/photolist-kWjTKB-kfZ3vX-kfZ3tn-k22Ttf-jX4tWL-jRgQzF-krCyHL-krB1pD-krCys5-krCyq1-krCxDG-9jy4s5-oksGxp-oksGxz-oksGLv-o2e79T-oksGC4-oksGGH-oksGM2-o2e78R-o2e73k-jMQxQZ-BWmztU-o2e7eT-o2e75K\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1795\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/02\/12372020233_b87de6c11f_z-600x387.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/02\/12372020233_b87de6c11f_z-600x387.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/02\/12372020233_b87de6c11f_z-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2018\/02\/12372020233_b87de6c11f_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1795\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Sam Churchill, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Large-scale sporting events, including the Winter Olympics and the Super Bowl, are in the international spotlight this winter. These mega-events are often heralded for promoting economic mobility and social cohesion, and cities across the world bid for events like the Olympics to cement their identities as world-class cities. For sociologists, these events also highlight how inequality operates in urban spaces. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Under the assumption that stadium construction promotes local growth, many cities rely on both tax subsidies from their local populace along with private investment. Financial investors tout the unprecedented trend of stadium-building in the past decades as opportunities for job growth, tourism, and other revenue boosts. However, much research suggests that stadiums and major sport events do not have broad economic benefits for their host cities, as benefits tend to be distributed unequally along racial and class lines. While local resistance has grown substantially in recent years, resource-laden investing firms and political coalitions that advocate for such projects are largely successful at squelching these efforts.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/liberalarts.temple.edu\/academics\/faculty\/delaney-kevin\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kevin J. Delaney<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www1.villanova.edu\/villanova\/artsci\/sociology\/facstaff\/biodetail.html?mail=rick.eckstein@villanova.edu&amp;xsl=bio_long\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rick Eckstein<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2003. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Public-Dollars-Private-Stadiums-Building\/dp\/0813533430\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Dollars, Private Stadiums: The Battle over Building Sports Stadiums<\/span><\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rutgers University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ualberta.ca\/kinesiology-sport-recreation\/about-us\/faculty-staff\/researchers\/jay-scherer\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jay Scherer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016.<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1123\/ssj.2015-0054\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Resisting the World-Class City: Community Opposition and the Politics of a Local Arena Development<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sociology of Sport Journal<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">33<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1): 39-53. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/academics.utep.edu\/Default.aspx?PageContentID=4023&amp;tabid=14130\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Timothy W. Collins<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academics.utep.edu\/Default.aspx?PageContentID=4024&amp;tabid=14130\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sara E. Grineski<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2007. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1300\/J134v11n01_02\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unequal Impacts of Downtown Redevelopment: The Case of Stadium Building in Phoenix, Arizona<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Poverty<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 11(1): 23-54.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>The role of sporting events in perpetuating inequality demonstrates\u00a0how the geography of urban space reflects a deepening divide between the \u201chaves\u201d and \u201chave nots.\u201d For example, sociologists demonstrate that cities often implement policies and practices that criminalize and punish behaviors of homeless individuals in public spaces. Other studies indicate that sporting events in the United States, especially the Super Bowl, contribute to the militarization and surveillance of public space in the post-9\/11 era.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/soc.washington.edu\/people\/katherine-beckett\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Katherine Beckett<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/geography.washington.edu\/people\/steve-herbert\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steve Herbert<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/banished-9780195395174?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banished: The New Social Control in Urban America<\/span><\/i><\/a>.<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kent.edu\/ehhs\/fla\/spad\/profile\/kimberly-schimmel-phd\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kimberly S. Schimmel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2006. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1467-954X.2006.00659.x\/pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deep Play: Sports Mega\u2010Events and Urban Social Conditions in the USA<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sociological Review<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">54<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2): 160-174.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.patricksharkey.net\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patrick Sharkey<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2013. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/S\/bo14365260.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress Toward Racial Equality<\/span><\/i><\/a>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">University of Chicago Press. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, as we watch these sporting spectacles from our television screens, see them up close (if we&#8217;re lucky), or experience the negative consequences outlined above (if we&#8217;re not), it is important to be aware of how these events are manifestations of both society\u2019s triumphs and social ills. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Large-scale sporting events, including the Winter Olympics and the Super Bowl, are in the international spotlight this winter. These mega-events are often heralded for promoting economic mobility and social cohesion, and cities across the world bid for events like the Olympics to cement their identities as world-class cities. For sociologists, these events also highlight how [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,15,13,85,14],"tags":[463,29,38547,38543,2852,38541,95502,922,497,38546,455,38542,50,108,3951],"class_list":["post-1792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-culture","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-cities","tag-class","tag-crime","tag-culture","tag-homeless","tag-inequality","tag-mega-events","tag-money","tag-olympics","tag-politics","tag-punishment","tag-race","tag-sport","tag-sports","tag-super-bowl"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1792"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1866,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1792\/revisions\/1866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}