{"id":1704,"date":"2017-11-30T07:00:14","date_gmt":"2017-11-30T13:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1704"},"modified":"2017-11-29T11:43:00","modified_gmt":"2017-11-29T17:43:00","slug":"organizational-harassment-and-a-culture-of-secrecy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/11\/30\/organizational-harassment-and-a-culture-of-secrecy\/","title":{"rendered":"Organizational Harassment and a Culture of Secrecy"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1718\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1718\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/shyald\/3194950746\/in\/photolist-5SjXxG-pRE6pK-ZHj3ed-65QVyi-bW4YKr-pqrSX-2JjGRc-3dcnEq-6XnkEW-4VKRdr-7pi7rv-pREWyP-9wjdn6-6eRgMw-8JoyEo-kFBNp-4eu8Kn-snikYq-X5TzBq-XkJT1z-5FE2cr-8hcT2W-jg2R7W-5FDZUg-bAY29M-7WvMfe-9LVCg9-a8xnrF-XgT6jG-bvs7Tp-4BFmsS-YAffUw-8b9yFv-adYU9M-cRJzyb-cYeKwf-68gdcm-5FDYWp-8eEKnL-5FJjWu-86nzn8-6BYMzx-czbzz7-9ndv75-UCJKf1-UYuu9u-8XaPgF-8HdNFj-9fBt2L-dtB9bb\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/3194950746_957fa0a962_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/3194950746_957fa0a962_z.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/3194950746_957fa0a962_z-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1718\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Cristian V, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prominent figures in American film, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/arts-and-entertainment\/wp\/2017\/11\/21\/cbs-fires-charlie-rose-following-sexual-assault-allegations\/?utm_term=.8f30c0f68afa\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">news<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/5033751\/sexual-harassment-politicians-roy-moore-al-franken\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">politics<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0are facing a dramatic wave of sexual harassment accusations. In response, the heads of organizations &#8212; like the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/entertainment\/movies\/la-et-mn-harvey-weinstein-film-academy-20171014-story.html\">Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences<\/a> and various <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chronicle.com\/article\/abusersenablers-in\/241648\">colleges and universities<\/a> &#8212; are not only encouraging victims to voice their allegations, but also re-examining their own institutional cultures.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social science research has explored the social dynamics of sexual harassment in the workplace and the conditions that prevent reporting.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Individuals who experience sexual harassment often do not report right away &#8212; some may not interpret their experiences as abuse at first, but even when they do, many choose not to come forward. And others who are aware of the harassment frequently turn a blind eye. In order for victims of sexual harassment, discrimination, or abuse to come forward, they must first believe that doing so will be effective and not result in their own harm. Lost jobs opportunities and the fear of retaliation are among the most frequent reasons for not reporting, and educational, psychological factors, and financial resources all influence the likelihood of reporting.\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/sociology\/faculty-and-staff\/amy-blackstone\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amy Blackstone<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/about\/directory\/profile\/uggen001\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher Uggen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.okstate.edu\/people\/directories\/faculty-directory\/dr-heather-mclaughlin\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heather McLaughlin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals\/lwsocrw43&amp;div=28&amp;id=&amp;page=\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Legal Consciousness and Responses to Sexual Harassment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Law &amp; Society Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a043(3): 631\u2013668. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/law.pitt.edu\/people\/deborah-l-brake\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah Brake<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2007. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/heinonline.org\/HOL\/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals\/coljgl16&amp;div=20&amp;id=&amp;page=\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perceiving Subtle Sexism: Mapping the Social-Psychological Forces and Legal Narratives that Obscure Gender Bias<\/span><\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><i>Columbia Journal of Gender &amp; Law<\/i>\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">16:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0679.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stern.nyu.edu\/faculty\/bio\/elizabeth-morrison\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elizabeth Wolfe Morrison<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stern.nyu.edu\/~fmillike\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frances J. Milliken<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2000. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/259200\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Change and Development in a Pluralistic World<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Academy of Management Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(4): 706-725.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizations can also develop cultures of corruption and silence as sexual harassment becomes embedded within the institution. Members normalize and justify these practices, and then socialize newcomers to view such behavior as permissible and even desirable. In doing so, members of the organization legitimize and reinforce the status quo. For instance, women&#8217;s success may be interpreted as a threat to men&#8217;s masculinity, and in some cases, these men respond through controlling practices like sexual harassment. In order to keep their jobs and avoid conflict with coworkers, many women remain silent and feel they must tolerate unwelcome sexual advances. When coworkers witness harassment and do not respond, victims may internalize negative judgments, which lowers their sense of well-being and reduces opportunities for collective action.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.okstate.edu\/people\/directories\/faculty-directory\/dr-heather-mclaughlin\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heather McLaughlin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/about\/directory\/profile\/uggen001\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher Uggen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/umaine.edu\/sociology\/faculty-and-staff\/amy-blackstone\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amy Blackstone<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0003122412451728\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sexual Harassment, Workplace Authority, and the Paradox of Power<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">77<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(4): 625-647.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.victoria.ac.nz\/som\/about\/staff\/deborah-jones\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah Jones <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aut.ac.nz\/profiles\/judith-pringle\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Judith Pringle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/1467-954X.12239?journalCode=sora\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unmanageable Inequalities: Sexism in the Film Industry<\/span><\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">63<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1): 37-49.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.columbia.edu\/node\/180\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diane Vaughan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1996. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/C\/bo22781921.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wpcarey.asu.edu\/people\/profile\/8212\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Blake E. Ashforth<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/honorscollege.uark.edu\/faculty\/faculty-awards\/vikas-anand.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vikas Anand<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2003. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0191308503250012\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Normalization of Corruption in Organizations<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research in Organizational Behavior<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 1-52.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prominent figures in American film, news, and politics\u00a0are facing a dramatic wave of sexual harassment accusations. In response, the heads of organizations &#8212; like the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and various colleges and universities &#8212; are not only encouraging victims to voice their allegations, but also re-examining their own institutional cultures.\u00a0Social science [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,15,55,33,85,1],"tags":[38547,38543,470,38545,10414,38544,26917,38546,3463,10413,4632,176],"class_list":["post-1704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-culture","category-gender","category-health","category-politics","category-uncategorized","tag-crime","tag-culture","tag-discrimination","tag-gender","tag-harassment","tag-health","tag-organization","tag-politics","tag-sexual-assault","tag-sexual-harassment","tag-sexual-violence","tag-sexuality"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1704","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1704"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1704\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1722,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1704\/revisions\/1722"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}