{"id":1698,"date":"2017-11-21T08:00:03","date_gmt":"2017-11-21T14:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1698"},"modified":"2017-11-20T09:58:51","modified_gmt":"2017-11-20T15:58:51","slug":"what-is-white-supremacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/11\/21\/what-is-white-supremacy\/","title":{"rendered":"What is \u201cWhite Supremacy\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1701\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1701\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/9602574@N02\/36387485372\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1701 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/36387485372_f6d3c4f50b_z-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/36387485372_f6d3c4f50b_z-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/36387485372_f6d3c4f50b_z-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/11\/36387485372_f6d3c4f50b_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1701\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Mark Dixon, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neo-Nazi swastikas, explicitly racist chants and slogans, and public demonstrations with hoods and torches, as seen recently in places likes\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/2017\/local\/charlottesville-timeline\/?utm_term=.ada30ca6a084\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charlottesville<\/span><\/a>,<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0are what signal white supremacy for many Americans. Yet, for over a decade, activists and policy makers have used the phrase \u201cwhite supremacy\u201d in different ways, moving beyond extremist ideologies and individuals\u2019 bigoted beliefs to focus on the deep historical structure and institutional dimensions of racial inequality in social life. Perhaps not surprisingly, sociologists have been at the forefront of parsing out this broader usage and meaning of white supremacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rather than focusing solely on explicit prejudice and organized hate groups, recent sociological uses of the term describe how the very nature of American society inherently privileges white people, white identities, and the status of whiteness. This includes how white people fare better in economic terms, as well as how white people experience superior outcomes in other ways, such as education and health, and how all of these systemic inequalities happen through established institutional arrangements, cultural norms, and public policies. For scholars with this emphasis, America is a \u201cwhite supremacist\u201d nation &#8212; not because individuals or the law are explicitly prejudiced, but because white privilege is central to American social life. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umass.edu\/sociology\/users\/mjung\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moon Kie Jung<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/liberalarts.utexas.edu\/anthropology\/faculty\/vargasj4\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jo\u00e3o H. Costa Vargas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.duke.edu\/people\/eduardo-bonilla-silva\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eduardo Bonilla-Silva<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (eds) 2011.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sup.org\/books\/title\/?id=20253\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State of White Supremacy: Racism, Governance, and the United States<\/span><\/i><\/a>.<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Palo Alto: Stanford University Press<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/africanastudies.rutgers.edu\/faculty-mainmenu-134\/core-faculty\/110-naa-oyo-a-kwate\">Naa Oyo A. Kwate<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/publichealth.nyu.edu\/faculty\/melody-goodman\">Melody S. Goodman<\/a>. 2014. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953614003359\">An Empirical Analysis of White Privilege, Social Position and Health<\/a>.<i> Social Science &amp; Medicine <\/i>116: 150-160.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.tamu.edu\/feagin-joe\/\">Joe Feagin<\/a>. 2013.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/The-White-Racial-Frame-Centuries-of-Racial-Framing-and-Counter-Framing\/Feagin\/p\/book\/9780415635226\"><i>The<\/i> <i>White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing<\/i><\/a>. New York: Routledge.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/mdesmond\/home\">Matthew Desmond<\/a> and<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ssc.wisc.edu\/soc\/faculty\/show-person.php?person_id=11\"> David Emirbayer<\/a>. 2009. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/du-bois-review-social-science-research-on-race\/article\/what-is-racial-domination\/D7BEC81A09479F28DD951BC664492260\">What is Racial Domination?<\/a>\u201d <i>Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race<\/i> 6(2): 335-355.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/matthewhughey.com\/Website\/HOME.html\">Matthew Hughey.<\/a> 2010. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01419870903125069\">The (Dis)similarities of White Racial Identities: The Conceptual Framework of \u2018Hegemonic Whiteness\u2019<\/a>.&#8221; <i>Ethnic and Racial Studies <\/i>33(8): 1289-1309.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is not to suggest that sociologists and other social scientists have neglected the study of extremist white groups like Neo-Nazis or the KKK. In fact, sociologists have continued to track how more traditional white supremacists have evolved alongside changing social backdrops and history. These scholars have documented how white supremacist movements in the 21<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">st<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> century have been shaped by whites\u2019 perceptions of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">victimhood <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">following increased immigration, globalization, and diversity in America. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bradley.edu\/academic\/departments\/sociology\/faculty\/profile.dot?id=137730\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jackie Hogan<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uidaho.edu\/class\/soc-anthro\/faculty-and-staff\/kristin-haltinner\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kristin Haltinner<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/07256868.2015.1072907?journalCode=cjis20\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Floods, Invaders, and Parasites: Immigration Threat Narratives and Right-Wing Populism in the USA, UK and Australia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Intercultural Studies<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 36(5): 520-543.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.nd.edu\/people\/rory-mcveigh\/\">Rory McVeigh.<\/a> 2009.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.upress.umn.edu\/book-division\/books\/the-rise-of-the-ku-klux-klan\"><i>The<\/i> <i>Rise of the Ku Klux Klan: Right-Wing Movements and National Politics<\/i><\/a>.\u00a0Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chapman.edu\/our-faculty\/pete-simi\">Pete Simi<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/as.pitt.edu\/about\/kathy-blee\"> Kathleen Blee<\/a>,<a href=\"http:\/\/justicecenter.psu.edu\/people\/matthew-demichele\"> Matthew DeMichele<\/a>, and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unomaha.edu\/college-of-public-affairs-and-community-service\/criminology-and-criminal-justice\/about-us\/steven-windisch.php\"> Steven Windisch<\/a>. 2017. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0003122417728719\">Addicted to Hate: Identity Residual among Former White Supremacists<\/a>.\u201d <i>American Sociological Review <\/i>1-21.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With all of these different strands of research and interpretations of white supremacy, it is imperative for all of us &#8212; activists and analysts alike, as well as everyone in between &#8212; to be thoughtful and cautious about how, when, and in what company we use the term \u201cwhite supremacy.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Neo-Nazi swastikas, explicitly racist chants and slogans, and public demonstrations with hoods and torches, as seen recently in places likes\u00a0Charlottesville,\u00a0are what signal white supremacy for many Americans. Yet, for over a decade, activists and policy makers have used the phrase \u201cwhite supremacy\u201d in different ways, moving beyond extremist ideologies and individuals\u2019 bigoted beliefs to focus [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,85,14],"tags":[2705,38541,1506,38546,38542,82,4291],"class_list":["post-1698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-extremism","tag-inequality","tag-neo-nazi","tag-politics","tag-race","tag-racism","tag-white-supremacy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1698"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1702,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1698\/revisions\/1702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1698"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1698"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1698"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}