{"id":1598,"date":"2017-10-05T09:43:39","date_gmt":"2017-10-05T14:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1598"},"modified":"2017-10-05T09:54:18","modified_gmt":"2017-10-05T14:54:18","slug":"mass-shootings-and-the-media","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/10\/05\/mass-shootings-and-the-media\/","title":{"rendered":"Mass Shootings and the Media"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1600\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1600\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/sharedferret\/3448345097\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1600 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/10\/3448345097_622f5fd28a_z-600x401.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/10\/3448345097_622f5fd28a_z-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/10\/3448345097_622f5fd28a_z-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/10\/3448345097_622f5fd28a_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1600\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A candlelight vigil outside Virginia Tech&#8217;s Burruss Hall after the 2007 mass shooting. Photo by Kate Wellington, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The nation remains in mourning as we struggle to make sense of this week\u2019s tragedy in Las Vegas, where 59 people were killed and over 500 wounded. Many are referring to the attack as the \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/wireStory\/las-vegas-attack-deadliest-shooting-modern-us-history-50227779\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">deadliest shooting in modern US history<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d Through their grief and shock, some now question how local law enforcement, politicians, and news media outlets will characterize the shooter, a middle-aged white man, who, according to family members and the early stages of the investigation, had no known ties to religious or political groups. Investigative authorities link terrorism to violent acts, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/2017\/10\/02\/555170250\/what-is-and-isnt-considered-domestic-terrorism\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the motives behind those acts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and affiliation with known terrorist organizations. Yet, several activists have argued that the media\u2019s characterization of mass shooters depends upon their race, ethnicity, and religious beliefs, noting that \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2017\/10\/02\/lone-wolf-white-privlege-las-vegas-stephen-paddock\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whiteness, somehow, protects men from being labeled terrorists<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d Examining the role of media discourse regarding mass killings might help us make sense of these acts of violence.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Mass shootings have been covered extensively by the U.S. media since the late 1990s Columbine shooting. What began as a focus on the two perpetrators and 11 victims developed into a moral panic regarding youth delinquency, mental illness, discipline, and even terrorism. Yet, the media does not treat all mass shootings equally &#8212; several factors come into play, including the availability of iconic images, media access, and the race and socioeconomic status of the perpetrator. Shootings that occur in seemingly quiet suburbs by white youth are more shocking because the perpetrators and victims are considered to be \u201cpeople like us.\u201d In contrast, shootings where the perpetrators are persons of color or reside in working-class neighborhoods produce less shock, as news producers and consumers presume that violence is somehow normal or inherent to those communities.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/isearch.asu.edu\/profile\/10142\">David L. Altheide<\/a>. 2009. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0002764209332552\">The Columbine Shootings and the Discourse of Fear<\/a>.\u201d <i>American Behavioral Scientist<\/i> 52(10): 1354-1370.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.patricialeavy.com\/\">Patricia Leavy<\/a> and Kathryn P. Maloney. 2009. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0896920508099195\">American Reporting of School Violence and \u2018People Like Us\u2019: A Comparison of Newspaper Coverage of the Columbine and Red Lake School Shootings<\/a>.\u201d <i>Critical Sociology<\/i> 35(2): 273\u2013292.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One comparative study defined mass shootings as \u201chomicide offenses that require firearms as the weapon of attack, and they often end in the offender\u2019s suicide or orchestration of \u2018suicide by cop\u2019.\u201d By this definition, the U.S. has likely had more public mass shootings than other comparable nations over the past 50 years. Mass shootings are more likely to take place in countries with higher levels of gun ownership and, in the case of school shootings, have been linked to aggressive performances of masculinity by predominantly young, white, suburban students. While mass shootings frequently involve multiple casualties, authorities rarely refer to such acts as terrorism &#8212; the designation of \u201cterrorist\u201d is generally reserved for \u201cforeign-based terrorist organizations.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cj.ua.edu\/profiles\/adam-lankford\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adam Lankford<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26822013\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Mass Shooters and Firearms: A Cross-National Study of 171 Countries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Violence and Victims 31<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2): 187-199.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oldwestbury.edu\/people\/kalishr\">Rachel Kalish<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.michaelkimmel.com\/\">Michael Kimmel<\/a>. 2010. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.5172\/hesr.2010.19.4.451\">Suicide by Mass Murder: Masculinity, Aggrieved Entitlement, and Rampage School Shootings<\/a>.\u201d <i>Health Sociology Review<\/i> 19(4): 451-464.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.ucr.edu\/people\/faculty\/turk\/index.html\">Austin T. Turk<\/a>. 2004. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.annualreviews.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1146\/annurev.soc.30.012703.110510\">Sociology of Terrorism<\/a>.\u201d <i>Annual Review of Sociology<\/i> 30(1): 271-286.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One concern about the coverage of such events is that the publicity and sensationalization surrounding mass killings may inspire other \u201ccopycat\u201d crimes. Potential mass killers may use media reporting as a way to create a fictive bond with other mass murderers as a \u201ccomradery-focused fantasy.\u201d Seung-Hui Cho, for example, idolized Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris (Columbine shooters) for several years, before carrying out his own deadly attack at Virginia Tech. Other potential mass murderers intensely scour news clippings of prior mass killings to find the perpetrators\u2019 weaknesses and compete with them. Before killing 20 children and 6 adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School, shooter Adam Lanza\u2019s correspondence illustrates that he critiqued James Holmes, the Aurora movie theater shooter, for what he saw as a weak effort to murder multiple people.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indstate.edu\/cas\/ccj\/ccj-faculty-and-staff\/murray-jennifer-l\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jennifer L. Murray<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1532708616679144\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mass Media Reporting and Enabling of Mass Shootings<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cultural Studies <\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2194<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Critical Methodologies<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 17(2): 114-124.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/isearch.asu.edu\/profile\/1845113\">Sherry Towers<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/agomezlievano.weebly.com\/\">Andres Gomez-Lievano<\/a>, Maryam Khan, <a href=\"https:\/\/isearch.asu.edu\/profile\/428431\">Anuj Mubayi<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/isearch.asu.edu\/profile\/566521\">Carlos Castillo-Chavez<\/a>. 2015. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0117259\">Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings<\/a>.\u201d Published: July 2, 2015 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117259.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The nation remains in mourning as we struggle to make sense of this week\u2019s tragedy in Las Vegas, where 59 people were killed and over 500 wounded. Many are referring to the attack as the \u201cdeadliest shooting in modern US history.\u201d Through their grief and shock, some now question how local law enforcement, politicians, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,15,13,85,14],"tags":[38547,38543,103389,2985,38158,38542,568],"class_list":["post-1598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-culture","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-crime","tag-culture","tag-inequality-politics","tag-las-vegas","tag-mass-shooting","tag-race","tag-virginia-tech"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1598"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1603,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1598\/revisions\/1603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}