{"id":1585,"date":"2017-09-29T07:00:24","date_gmt":"2017-09-29T12:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1585"},"modified":"2017-09-25T13:29:27","modified_gmt":"2017-09-25T18:29:27","slug":"race-and-reproductive-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/09\/29\/race-and-reproductive-control\/","title":{"rendered":"Race and Reproductive Control"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1587\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/frankdekleine\/4732383609\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1587 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/4732383609_35a12bb34d_z-600x395.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/4732383609_35a12bb34d_z-600x395.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/4732383609_35a12bb34d_z-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/4732383609_35a12bb34d_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Frank de Kleine, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several abortion providers have come under intense criticism for offering <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.newsweek.com\/hurricane-harvey-prompts-free-abortion-services-clinics-across-texas-666610\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">free abortions to women affected by Hurricane Harvey<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. While this criticism echoes decades of social and political debates regarding women\u2019s reproductive rights, the control over women\u2019s bodies extends far beyond the second-wave feminist movement during the mid-20th century. For example, recent calls for the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/retropolis\/wp\/2017\/08\/29\/a-surgeon-experimented-on-slave-women-without-anesthesia-now-his-statues-are-under-attack\/?utm_term=.6ba218eec761\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">removal of a statue honoring J. Marion Sims,<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a doctor known for medical contributions to the field of gynecology and who performed experimental surgeries on non-consenting enslaved black women without anesthesia, illustrate the historical links between reproductive control, gender, and race. Sociologists allow us to trace the long history of controlling black women\u2019s reproduction. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While historical accounts of reproductive rights rhetoric in the 19th century point to the gendered issue of men\u2019s control over women\u2019s bodies and the valorization of traditional motherhood, they neglect how political rhetoric also drew on ideas of white superiority. As more immigrants migrated to the U.S., Anglo-Saxon political elites worried that greater migrant representation would quickly dismantle their political power, and so American physicians encouraged Anglo-Saxon women to bear children for the sake of continued political power among whites. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sociology.northwestern.edu\/people\/faculty\/emeritus\/nicola%20beisel.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nicola Beisel<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.nd.edu\/people\/tamara-kay\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tamara Kay<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2004. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sociology.northwestern.edu\/documents\/faculty-docs\/Beisel-AbortionRaceandGender.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abortion, Race, and Gender in Nineteenth-Century America<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 69(4): 498-518.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though white women were subjected to political rhetoric that sought to control their reproduction, their capacity to reproduce the white race meant they were privileged relative to black women. This privilege was shaken when white women gave birth to mixed-race children, however, and these women were sometimes forced into indentured servitude. On the other hand, racially mixed children born to black women during slavery were not threatening to a white racial order. Instead, they were viewed as symbols of white men\u2019s social and economic control over black women.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uccs.edu\/soc\/abby_ferber.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abby Ferber<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1999. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books\/about\/White_Man_Falling.html?id=KBdZsXhgAYsC\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Planting the Seed: The Invention of Race<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/White-Man-Falling-Gender-Supremacy\/dp\/0847690261\">White Man Falling: Race, Gender\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/White-Man-Falling-Gender-Supremacy\/dp\/0847690261\"><i>&amp; White Supremacy<\/i><\/a>. Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicst.ucsb.edu\/people\/a%C3%ADda-hurtado\">Aida Hurtado<\/a>. 1989. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3174686?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">Relating to Privilege: Seduction and Rejection in the Subordination of White\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3174686?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">Women and Women of Color<\/a>.\u201d <i>Signs<\/i> 14(4).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During and after slavery, black women were commonly depicted as sexually deviant, hypersexual and promiscuous. State-sanctioned practices to control black women\u2019s reproduction&#8211;like coercive birth control and mass sterilization campaigns where doctors performed hysterectomies on black women that were not medically necessary&#8211;reflected these cultural images. When black women did have children, restrictive welfare policies limited the state support they could receive, further drawing on racialized constructions of black women as lazy, ignorant, \u201cwelfare queens.\u201d Both sets of state practices reflect the attempt to control black women\u2019s sexuality, reproduction, and families. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/socy.umd.edu\/facultyprofile\/Collins\/Patricia%20Hill\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patricia Hill Collins<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2004. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/220607\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Sexual Politics: African Americans, Gender, and the New Racism<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New\u00a0<\/span>York: Routledge.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.upenn.edu\/faculty\/roberts1\/\">Dorothy Roberts<\/a>. 1998. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/155575\/killing-the-black-body-by-dorothy-roberts\/9780679758693\/\"><i>Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty<\/i><\/a>. New\u00a0York: Vintage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For more on the ways mothers are controlled and policed, check out this TROT on <a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2016\/05\/09\/morality-and-maybe-moms\/\">morality and maybe-moms<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Several abortion providers have come under intense criticism for offering free abortions to women affected by Hurricane Harvey. While this criticism echoes decades of social and political debates regarding women\u2019s reproductive rights, the control over women\u2019s bodies extends far beyond the second-wave feminist movement during the mid-20th century. For example, recent calls for the removal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,33,13,85,14],"tags":[738,38545,38544,38541,38546,38542,3397],"class_list":["post-1585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gender","category-health","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-abortion","tag-gender","tag-health","tag-inequality","tag-politics","tag-race","tag-reproduction"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1585","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1585"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1585\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1589,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1585\/revisions\/1589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1585"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1585"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1585"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}