{"id":1577,"date":"2017-09-25T09:48:38","date_gmt":"2017-09-25T14:48:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1577"},"modified":"2017-09-25T09:48:38","modified_gmt":"2017-09-25T14:48:38","slug":"violence-and-discrimination-against-transgender-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/09\/25\/violence-and-discrimination-against-transgender-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Violence and Discrimination against Transgender People"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1582\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1582\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1582\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/33069725145_502c58ca5f_z-600x345.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/33069725145_502c58ca5f_z-600x345.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/33069725145_502c58ca5f_z-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/09\/33069725145_502c58ca5f_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1582\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Ted Eytan, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite increased awareness surrounding transgender identities and experiences, the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/avp.org\/ncavp\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (NCAVP) has tracked <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/avp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/NCAVP-A-Crisis-of-Hate-Final.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">36 anti-LGBTQ homicides<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0in 2017 alone, 16 of whom were transgender women of color. Along with President Trump\u2019s recently proposed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/26\/us\/politics\/trump-transgender-military.html?mcubz=0\">military ban of transgender persons<\/a>, there is evidence that personal prejudices and institutional discrimination continue to affect the lives of those in the trans community.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One way institutions like the military discriminate against transgender individuals is by advancing the assumption that trans bodies are a problem and should conform to \u201cnormal\u201d standards. For example, medical professionals that work with transgender patients often discourage them from undergoing transitional surgery too soon. This discouragement reinforces traditional ideas that treat gender and sex as the same thing, and recognize both as binary. This discrimination shapes psychological and physical well-being, as transgender people who appear as gender nonconforming have a greater risk of engaging in self-harm acts, including suicide.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unlv.edu\/people\/georgiann-davis\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Georgiann Davis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuchicago.edu\/faculty\/sociology\/jodie-dewey-phd\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jodie M. Dewey<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/independent.academia.edu\/ErinLMurphy\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Erin L. Murphy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0891243215602102\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Giving Sex: Deconstructing Intersex and Trans Medicalization Practices<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 30(3): 490-514.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lisarmiller.net\/\">Lisa R. Miller<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/egrollman.com\/\">Eric Anthony Grollman<\/a>. 2015. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27708501\">The Social Costs of Gender Nonconformity for Transgender Adults: Implications for Discrimination and Health<\/a>.\u201d <i>Sociological Forum<\/i> 30(3): 809-831.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transgender people are also at a greater risk of being the victims of violence. Surveys indicate that roughly 50% of transgender people report experiences of sexual violence or assault.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The continuous threat of violence influences everyday decision making and quality of life across communities. For example, transgender women are more likely to perceive an association between acts of physical violence with sexual assault. Moreover, individuals transitioning from male-to-female are more likely to experience violent victimization than those transitioning from female-to-male, with a heightened risk during periods of transition and gender ambiguity. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaii.edu\/sswork\/faculty&amp;staff\/stotzer.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rebecca L. Stotzer.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2009. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1359178909000202\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cViolence Against Transgender People: A Review of United States Data.\u201d<\/span><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aggression and Violent Behavior<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 14(3): 170-179.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wgs.virginia.edu\/faculty\/profile\/dom6e\">Doug Meyer.<\/a> 2012. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Violence-against-Queer-People-Discrimination\/dp\/0813573157\"><i>Violence Against Queer People: Race, Class, Gender, and The Persistence of Anti-LGBT Discrimination.<\/i><\/a> Rutgers University Press.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/kfunigraz.academia.edu\/DanielaJauk\">Daniella Jauk<\/a>. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/apps.webofknowledge.com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu\/full_record.do?product=WOS&amp;search_mode=GeneralSearch&amp;qid=8&amp;SID=4Eee27KKAAd47lzhC42&amp;page=3&amp;doc=25&amp;cacheurlFromRightClick=no\">Gender Violence Revisited: Lessons from Violent Victimization of Transgender Identified Individuals.<\/a>\u201d <i>Sexualities<\/i> 16(7): 807-825.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despite increased awareness surrounding transgender identities and experiences, the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) has tracked 36 anti-LGBTQ homicides\u00a0in 2017 alone, 16 of whom were transgender women of color. Along with President Trump\u2019s recently proposed military ban of transgender persons, there is evidence that personal prejudices and institutional discrimination continue to affect the lives [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,55,33,13],"tags":[38547,38545,38544,38541,306,103387],"class_list":["post-1577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-gender","category-health","category-inequality","tag-crime","tag-gender","tag-health","tag-inequality","tag-transgender","tag-transitioning"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1577"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1584,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1577\/revisions\/1584"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}