{"id":1531,"date":"2017-07-12T08:00:17","date_gmt":"2017-07-12T13:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1531"},"modified":"2017-07-12T11:26:01","modified_gmt":"2017-07-12T16:26:01","slug":"how-racial-minorities-are-excluded-from-being-american","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/07\/12\/how-racial-minorities-are-excluded-from-being-american\/","title":{"rendered":"How Racial Minorities Are Excluded from Being &#8220;American&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1533\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1533\" style=\"width: 570px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/guzzphoto\/14549696836\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1533\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/07\/14549696836_86f9408a98_z-600x401.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/07\/14549696836_86f9408a98_z-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/07\/14549696836_86f9408a98_z-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/07\/14549696836_86f9408a98_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Steven Guzzardi, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another U.S. Independence Day came and went, along with cheers of \u2018Murcia! and sentimental Facebook posts about American pride. But how do racial and ethnic minorities experience being \u201cAmerican\u201d while systemic racial oppression continues to target people of color in the U.S.? A lot of the focus has been on the experiences of Black Americans, but social science shows that other racial minorities are similarly marginalized when they are excluded from whiteness. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, while stereotypes like the \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/clippings\/2016\/06\/28\/the-model-minority\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">model minority<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d myth seemingly valorize Asian American achievement, other stereotypes exclude them from the \u201cAmerican\u201d label by depicting them as foreign. Moreover, Asian Americans are a pan-ethnic group &#8211; meaning there are many nationalities included under the umbrella term \u201cAsian American.\u201d \u00a0And darker-skinned, poorer Asians, like Cambodian refugees, are excluded from characterizations of excellence and success.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.faculty.uci.edu\/profile.cfm?faculty_id=2453\">Claire Jean Kim<\/a>. 1999. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0032329299027001005\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Politics &amp; Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 27(1):105\u201338.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/anthropology.berkeley.edu\/people\/aihwa-ong\">Aihwa Ong<\/a>. 2003. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book.php?isbn=9780520238244\"><i>Buddha Is Hiding: Refugees, Citizenship, the New America<\/i><\/a>. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Even though many Arab Americans have lighter skin, enjoy middle class success, and identify as White, they are still \u201cnot quite White\u201d because of the ways they are racialized. Negative stereotypes about Arab people as \u201cbackward\u201d and \u201cuncivilized\u201d have resurfaced in recent years as the racialization of Arab and Muslim men as criminals and threats to national security became mainstream talking points in the War on Terror. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.simmons.edu\/Faculty\/Saher-Selod\">Saher Selod<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.luc.edu\/sociology\/faculty\/Embrick,_D.shtml\">David G. Embrick<\/a>. 2013. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/soc4.12057\/abstract\">Racialization and Muslims: Situating the Muslim Experience in Race Scholarship<\/a>.\u201d <i>Sociology Compass<\/i> 7(8):644\u201355.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dornsife.usc.edu\/cf\/faculty-and-staff\/faculty.cfm?pid=1008255\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sarah M. A. Gualtieri<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ucpress.edu\/book.php?isbn=9780520255340\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Between Arab and White: Race and Ethnicity in the Early Syrian American Diaspora<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Berkeley: University of California Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Institutions may also dismiss important differences among various Black ethnic groups. For Somalis who come to America, it is often the first time they are considered Black. However, their religion, language, and cultural identities may be more salient, differentiating them as \u201cforeign\u201d from Black Americans.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.soc.iastate.edu\/staff\/kusow.html\">Abdi M. Kusow<\/a>. 2006. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/13691830600555079\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Migration and Racial Formations Among Somali Immigrants in North America<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 32(3):533\u201351.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Another U.S. Independence Day came and went, along with cheers of \u2018Murcia! and sentimental Facebook posts about American pride. But how do racial and ethnic minorities experience being \u201cAmerican\u201d while systemic racial oppression continues to target people of color in the U.S.? A lot of the focus has been on the experiences of Black Americans, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,14],"tags":[96461,96460,96458,1321,38541,38542,96459],"class_list":["post-1531","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inequality","category-race","tag-4th-of-july","tag-american-pride","tag-arab-americans","tag-asian-americans","tag-inequality","tag-race","tag-somalis"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1531","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1531"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1531\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1538,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1531\/revisions\/1538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1531"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1531"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1531"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}