{"id":1443,"date":"2019-08-27T08:00:54","date_gmt":"2019-08-27T13:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1443"},"modified":"2019-08-26T18:18:14","modified_gmt":"2019-08-26T23:18:14","slug":"how-students-benefit-from-after-school-programs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2019\/08\/27\/how-students-benefit-from-after-school-programs\/","title":{"rendered":"How Students Benefit from After-School Programs"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1445\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1445\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wwworks\/6235929961\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1445\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/6235929961_7ab2fe63d7_z-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/6235929961_7ab2fe63d7_z-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/6235929961_7ab2fe63d7_z-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/6235929961_7ab2fe63d7_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1445\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by woodleywonderworks, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Originally posted April 26, 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Trump administration recently announced plans to cut federal public school programs designed to help students who need financial assistance. Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney <a href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/truth-o-meter\/statements\/2017\/mar\/21\/mick-mulvaney\/wh-budget-chief-wrongly-claims-afterschool-program\/\">explained<\/a> that, although programs like free and reduced lunches and after-school activities are supposed to help kids do better in school, \u201cthere\u2019s no demonstrable evidence that they\u2019re actually doing that.\u201d\u00a0Well, social science begs to differ.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To start, research does show\u00a0that programs providing low-income students with free or reduced-cost lunches have positive impacts, as proper nutrition is essential for academic achievement and educational success. And providing these lunches has been found to lead to a decrease in disruptive behavior. Importantly, research shows that cutting programs like these would mean that the poorest, most at-risk youth would bear the brunt of the blow, losing observed benefits to academic and social skills that subsidized lunches have been shown to provide. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Godwin Ashiabi. 2005. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/1079612042000333027\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Household Food Insecurity and Children&#8217;s School Engagement.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Children and Poverty<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a011(1): 3-17.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Christelle_Roustit\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christelle Roustit<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Anne_Marie_Hamelin\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anne-Marie Hamelin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">,\u00a0Francesca Grillo,\u00a0Judith Martin,\u00a0Pierre Chauvin. 2010. &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pediatrics.aappublications.org\/content\/126\/6\/1174\">Food Insecurity: Could School Food Supplementation Help Break Cycles of Intergenerational Transmission of Social Inequalities?<\/a>&#8220;<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pediatrics\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">126(6): 1174-1181.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slu.edu\/public-health-social-justice\/faculty\/vaughn-michael-1.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Vaughn<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/ssw\/about\/faculty\/fulltime\/christopher-salas-wright\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher P. Salas-Wright<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slu.edu\/public-health-social-justice\/faculty\/naeger-sandra.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sandra Naeger<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slu.edu\/public-health-social-justice\/faculty\/huang-jin.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jin Huang<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.utdallas.edu\/epps\/faculty\/alex-piquero\/\">Alex R. Piquero<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2016. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4847051\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Childhood Reports of Food Neglect and Impulse Control Problems and Violence in Adulthood<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 13(4): 389-408<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to lunch programs, extracurricular and after-school activities are threatened under the proposed Trump budget. But there is research that finds these programs can be beneficial. Students involved in after-school programs have been found to experience a\u00a0variety of positive effects, such as increased attendance at school, a jump in reading comprehension, and a drop in disciplinary referrals. Participating in these programs can predict lower disciplinary measures for students, even for students who are at higher-risk for delinquency. Notably, though there is often a narrative that black students in urban environments are the most \u201cat-risk\u201d and in need of such programs, research shows that African-American students are actually <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> likely to be involved in after-school activities than white students<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/hhd.psu.edu\/magazine\/magazine_spsu2006\/faculty_Hynes.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kathryn Hynes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchforaction.org\/about\/people\/felicia-sanders\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Felicia Sanders<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2011. &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41341153?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">Diverging Experiences During Out-of-School Time: The Race Gap in Exposure to After-School Program.<\/a>&#8220;<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Negro Education<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 80(4): 464-476.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/connects.catalyst.harvard.edu\/Profiles\/display\/Person\/35425\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robert Apsler<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/search.proquest.com\/openview\/25aa7d5bed2c4f81405e6ff2b316e6ab\/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&amp;cbl=41539\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After-school Programs for Adolescents: A Review of Evaluation Research.\u00a0<\/span><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adolescence<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">44<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(173).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lincolnuca.edu\/about\/faculty#%2Fabout%2Ffaculty\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Igor Himelfab<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Andrew_Lac2\/publications\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andrew Lac<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gardnercenter.stanford.edu\/people\/hadar-baharav\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hadar Baharav<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/search.proquest.com.ezp3.lib.umn.edu\/socabs\/docview\/1373427041\/2FDE1D8E79874580PQ\/5?accountid=14586\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examining School-Related Delinquencies, Extracurricular Activities, and Grades in Adolescents<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Educational Studies<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 40(1): 81-97.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, getting at risk-youth to participate in after-school programs is not always easy. There are a wide variety of programs available, but those intended to provide non-delinquent options to at-risk youth often face the greatest uphill battle. Factors determining youth delinquency, such as issues at home, are difficult for extracurriculars to overcome. On a more individual basis, however, extracurricular programs can have meaningful, positive impacts in the long run by giving participants skills, passions, and experiences that\u00a0prove useful later in life. This complicates the Trump administration&#8217;s assertion that \u00a0these programs should be cut because they \u201cdon\u2019t work.\u201d Rather, paying attention to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">how<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> they work can lead to more positive impacts and greater availability for America\u2019s students. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/authors\/c\/cross_amanda_brown.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amanda Brown Cross<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ccjs.umd.edu\/facultyprofile\/Gottfredson\/Denise\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Denise C. Gottfredson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Denise M. Wilson, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unlv.edu\/people\/melissa-rorie\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melissa Rorie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.utdallas.edu\/epps\/faculty\/nadine-connell\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nadine Connell.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 2009. &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2009.00555.x\/full\">The Impact of After-School Programs on the Routine Activities of Middle-School Students: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Trial<\/a>.&#8221;<\/span><b>\u00a0<\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminology &amp; Public Policy <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8(2): 391-412<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bowdoin.edu\/faculty\/i\/inelson\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ingrid Nelson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2017. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1jd94mk\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Why Afterschool Matters<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Rutgers University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originally posted April 26, 2017. The Trump administration recently announced plans to cut federal public school programs designed to help students who need financial assistance. Office of Management and Budget Director Mick Mulvaney explained that, although programs like free and reduced lunches and after-school activities are supposed to help kids do better in school, \u201cthere\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,13,85,14],"tags":[96430,96432,96431,38541,38542],"class_list":["post-1443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-afterschool-programs","tag-free-and-reduced-lunch","tag-health-politics","tag-inequality","tag-race"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1443"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1443\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2630,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1443\/revisions\/2630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1443"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}