{"id":1419,"date":"2018-01-10T08:00:17","date_gmt":"2018-01-10T14:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1419"},"modified":"2018-02-20T15:31:29","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T21:31:29","slug":"the-immigration-crime-paradox","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2018\/01\/10\/the-immigration-crime-paradox\/","title":{"rendered":"Best of 2017: The Immigration-Crime Paradox"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1422\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1422\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/minnesotahistoricalsociety\/5096894782\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1422\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/5096894782_0f5e6c15e4_z-600x246.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/5096894782_0f5e6c15e4_z-600x246.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/5096894782_0f5e6c15e4_z-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/04\/5096894782_0f5e6c15e4_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1422\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Minnesota Historical Society, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><em>Originally posted April 10, 2017.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From Trump\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/the-press-office\/2017\/01\/27\/executive-order-protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attempted restriction on immigration<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0to his talk of <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-37243269\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">building a wall<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the country\u2019s southern border, immigration policy has received renewed attention among both politicians and the public. A common reason for restricting immigration flows is association between\u00a0immigration and crimes, which was <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/videos\/politics\/2016\/10\/19\/third-presidential-debate-trump-immigration-bad-hombres-sot.cnn\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">explicitly mentioned<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Trump along the campaign trail. \u00a0Social science agrees that immigration and crime are interconnected, but not in the way Trump and others claim.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5>Individual level data show that immigrants are actually less likely to engage in\u00a0violent behavior than non-immigrants, with first generation immigrants being the least likely to commit crime as compared to second or third generation immigrants. Similarly, studies also find that areas with high proportions of immigrant residents are associated with lower levels of neighborhood violence and drug-crime when compared to similar neighborhoods with fewer immigrants. This association is best explained by the increases in social organization &#8212; culturally-based buffers like strong familial and neighborhood ties &#8212; and the associated economic gains stimulated by the influx of immigrants.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sampson\/home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robert J. Sampson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lsa.umich.edu\/soc\/people\/faculty\/morenoff.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeffrey D. Morenoff<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/home.uchicago.edu\/sraudenb\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stephen Raudenbush<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2005. \u00a0&#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.2004.037705\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Anatomy of Racial and <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ethnic Disparities in Violence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Journal of Public Health<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a095(2): 224-232.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cj.ua.edu\/profiles\/lesley-reid\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lesley Williams Reid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Harald E. Weiss, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.buffalo.edu\/faculty-staff\/adelman\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robert M. Adelman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.gsu.edu\/profile\/charles-jaret\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charles Jaret<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2005. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0049089X05000104\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Immigration\u2013<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crime Relationship: Evidence Across US Metropolitan Areas<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Science Research<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a034(4): 757-<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">780.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/sociology\/tim-wadsworth\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tim Wadsworth<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2010. \u00a0&#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1540-6237.2010.00706.x\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is Immigration Responsible for the Crime Drop? An Assessment of the Influence <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of Immigration on Changes in Violent Crime Between 1990 and 2000<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Science <\/span><\/i> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quarterly<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a091(2): 531-553.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wm.edu\/as\/sociology\/directory\/ousey_g.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Graham C. Ousey<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/faculty.sites.uci.edu\/ckubrin\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charis E. Kubrin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2009. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/socpro\/article-abstract\/56\/3\/447\/1707591\/Exploring-the-Connection-between-Immigration-and\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring the Connection Between Immigration and<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Violent<\/span>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crime Rates in US Cities, 1980\u20132000<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Problems<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a056(3): 447-473.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>This association between immigration and lower crime rates is stronger in areas with more opportunities for immigrant political action. Cities with higher levels of minority political representation and pro-immigrant legislation enhance the buffering effect of immigration on both homicide and robbery.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.unm.edu\/people\/faculty\/profile\/Christopher%20J.%20Lyons.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher J. Lyons<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.unm.edu\/people\/faculty\/profile\/Maria%20B.%20Velez%20.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mar\u00eda B. V\u00e9lez<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.unm.edu\/people\/faculty\/profile\/Wayne%20Santoro.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wayne A. Santoro<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2013. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/academia.edu.documents\/42550896\/American_Sociological_Review-2013-Lyons-0003122413491964.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&amp;Expires=1490915429&amp;Signature=lRH2GLKkoeVgCStuifuCg4TzEpU%3D&amp;response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DNeighborhood_Immigration_Violence_and_Ci.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Neighborhood Immigration,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Violence, and City-Level Immigrant Political Opportunities<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a078(4): <\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">604-632.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>What&#8217;s troubling is that even though immigrants and the areas they inhabit are associated with lower levels of crime, both documented and undocumented individuals are more likely to be incarcerated and receive longer prison sentences, even when controlling for race\/ethnicity, crime severity, and other factors.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cla.purdue.edu\/sociology\/directory\/?p=Michael_Light\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael T. Light<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ssc.wisc.edu\/soc\/faculty\/show-person.php?person_id=1423\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Michael Massoglia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.osu.edu\/people\/king.2065\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ryan D. King<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.843.4879&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Citizenship and Punishment: The Salience of National Membership in US Criminal Courts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a079(5): 825-847.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Originally posted April 10, 2017. From Trump\u2019s attempted restriction on immigration\u00a0to his talk of building a wall on the country\u2019s southern border, immigration policy has received renewed attention among both politicians and the public. A common reason for restricting immigration flows is association between\u00a0immigration and crimes, which was explicitly mentioned by Trump along the campaign [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,13,14],"tags":[38547,96421,96420,89,38541,38542],"class_list":["post-1419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-inequality","category-race","tag-crime","tag-immigrant-communities","tag-immigrant-crime-rates","tag-immigration","tag-inequality","tag-race"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1419"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1869,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1419\/revisions\/1869"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}