{"id":1410,"date":"2017-04-05T08:30:02","date_gmt":"2017-04-05T13:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1410"},"modified":"2017-03-27T14:35:58","modified_gmt":"2017-03-27T19:35:58","slug":"the-social-science-of-sexual-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/04\/05\/the-social-science-of-sexual-practices\/","title":{"rendered":"The Social Science of Sexual Practices"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1414\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1414\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/mag3737\/2328183910\/in\/photolist-4xJxXU-dnKZ72-9SHAWe-5GaD2J-rh5ZqY-ddmd5o-9JZzqB-4DKGz-8WMPx-bpXY4H-7AxUTJ-qkJwWU-9Wfa5H-b8BLQM-5SGx7h-fe6SiX-cn8w45-sn7ui-qisbSC-7BtqYG-8ccm1e-NRiS-fe6z2Z-9dQjpE-RGAzcH-6vpKVu-ne9Ex-johCZQ-Sn6g9w-nXR9f4-exbKfX-5PTtvx-9rtYy3-fqBk93-9xnKBo-u2jeia-kZe1xt-oZVobi-8cXrUy-S8UHSg-4nvGmZ-dTH4R2-SupqvF-eJt4Wh-boFbbz-3LDhMN-797qVS-aba95J-65Q4JX-sn7ug\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1414\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/2328183910_7fc9c93e0e_z-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/2328183910_7fc9c93e0e_z-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/2328183910_7fc9c93e0e_z-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/2328183910_7fc9c93e0e_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1414\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Tom Magliery, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a recent survey, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/posteverything\/wp\/2017\/03\/16\/americans-are-having-less-sex-and-thats-just-fine\/?utm_term=.fb5c90524bf4\">Americans are having less sex<\/a>\u00a0&#8212; about nine fewer times per year in the early 2010s compared to the 1990s. In fact, millennials are one of the groups who have sex the least often. If you\u2019re wondering, those born in the 1930s were having sex the most. For anyone who has heard about young people engaging in &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/contexts.org\/articles\/hookup-culture\/?_ga=1.54028331.2026682266.1454192552\">hookup culture<\/a>,&#8221; this probably comes as a surprise. But, so what? Why should we care how often people are having sex or who their sexual partners are? <\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studying sexual practice can reveal underlying norms and expectations, especially related to gender. For instance, a 2016 study linked egalitarian heterosexual relationships, where the couples share gendered household chores, to greater sexual frequency. In another study, researchers found that the number of women who report ever having had sex with both men and women or just women (and identifying as bisexual or gay) has increased; however, the same study reported same-sex encounters have not increased for men. The researchers speculate that this could be a result of differing norms for men and women where it is more acceptable for women to deviate from heterosexual gender norms. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/object\/paulaengland.html\">Paula England<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/object\/soc.phd.emmamishel\">Emma Mishel<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/caudillomonica.com\/\">M\u00f3nica Caudillo<\/a>. 2016. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sociologicalscience.com\/download\/vol-3\/november\/SocSci_v3_951to970.pdf\">Increases in Sex with Same-Sex Partners and Bisexual Identity Across Cohorts of Women (but Not Men)<\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sociological Science<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 3: 951\u201370.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.utah.edu\/u6007473-Daniel_L._Carlson\/research\/index.hml\">Daniel L. Carlson<\/a> et al. 2016. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/The Gendered Division of Housework and Couples\u2019 Sexual Relationships: A Reexamination\">The Gendered Division of Housework and Couples\u2019 Sexual Relationships: A Reexamination<\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Marriage and Family\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">78(4).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Studying sexual behavior can reveal how identities are formed, as well. In recent years, research has explored why some people engage in same gender sex but still identify as straight. For some white men, sex with other men does not threaten their heterosexuality, but rather bolsters their masculinity and serves to reaffirm their identities as straight men. On the other hand, some women who had children with men felt that fact foreclosed their possibilities of claiming LGBTQ identities.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/facultyprofiles.ucr.edu\/gender_studies_dept\/faculty\/Jane_Ward\/index.html\">Jane Ward<\/a>. 2015. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/nyupress.org\/books\/9781479825172\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not Gay: Sex Between Straight White Men<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York University Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jamiebudnick.com\/\">Jamie Budnick<\/a>. 2016. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0891243216657511\">&#8216;Straight Girls Kissing?&#8217;: Understanding Same-Gender Sexuality beyond the Elite College Campus<\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">30<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(5): 745\u2013768.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inequalities also appear in sexual relationships. A sexual standard still exists for women in hookups, where men\u2019s pleasure is central. While both men and women agree that women should be entitled to sexual pleasure in relationships, they do not agree that this is the case for casual hookups. Racial stereotypes also follow individuals into the bedroom. For instance, racially ambiguous individuals are often considered \u201cexotic\u201d by romantic interests. For some, women especially, this means they are viewed as more sexually exciting or only considered as hook ups. For some men, this means they are excluded from hook ups because they are considered \u201cbabymakers.\u201d <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.lsa.umich.edu\/elizabetharmstrong\/\">Elizabeth A. Armstrong<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/object\/paulaengland.html\">Paula England<\/a>,\u00a0and Alison Fogarty. 2012. &#8220;<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0003122412445802\">Accounting for Women\u2019s Orgasm and Sexual Enjoyment in College Hookups and Relationships<\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">77<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3): 435\u2013462.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uww.edu\/cls\/race-and-ethnic-studies\/faculty-directory-and-bios\">Chandra Waring<\/a>. 2013. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43496947?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\">&#8216;They See Me as Exotic &#8230; That Intrigues Them&#8217;: Gender, Sexuality and the Racially Ambiguous Body<\/a>.&#8221;\u00a0<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Race, Gender &amp; Class<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3\/4): 299\u2013317.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to a recent survey, Americans are having less sex\u00a0&#8212; about nine fewer times per year in the early 2010s compared to the 1990s. In fact, millennials are one of the groups who have sex the least often. If you\u2019re wondering, those born in the 1930s were having sex the most. For anyone who has [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55,13,14],"tags":[38543,38545,38541,38542,120,96419,176],"class_list":["post-1410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-gender","category-inequality","category-race","tag-culture","tag-gender","tag-inequality","tag-race","tag-sex","tag-sexual-practices","tag-sexuality"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1410"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1417,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1410\/revisions\/1417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}