{"id":1362,"date":"2017-03-13T09:58:52","date_gmt":"2017-03-13T14:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1362"},"modified":"2017-03-13T09:58:52","modified_gmt":"2017-03-13T14:58:52","slug":"how-voter-suppression-shapes-election-outcomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/03\/13\/how-voter-suppression-shapes-election-outcomes\/","title":{"rendered":"How Voter Suppression Shapes Election Outcomes"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1367\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1367\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/democracychronicles\/15003539132\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1367\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/15003539132_cedf312fe8_z-600x324.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/15003539132_cedf312fe8_z-600x324.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/15003539132_cedf312fe8_z-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/03\/15003539132_cedf312fe8_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1367\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Democracy Chronicles, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">President Trump and his administration have <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2017\/02\/12\/514837432\/trump-adviser-repeats-baseless-claims-of-voter-fraud-in-new-hampshire\">insisted<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that there was massive voter fraud in the 2016 election, although evidence has not supported this allegation. Instead, the evidence points \u00a0to significant issues surrounding\u00a0voter\u00a0<em>suppression\u00a0<\/em>in the United States<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One contributing factor is felon disenfranchisement &#8212; when people with a felony conviction permanently lose the right to vote. Since the late 1860\u2019s, U.S. states with the largest non-white prison populations have been more likely to implement voting restrictions for felons. Today, formerly incarcerated persons constitute the largest portion of the disenfranchised population, which also includes people with disabilities and those without valid forms of identification. Importantly, restrictive voting laws have actually altered political outcomes. For example, it is estimated that Al Gore would have won the 2000 presidential election if formerly incarcerated persons in Florida had been allowed to vote. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hks.harvard.edu\/about\/faculty-staff-directory\/alex-keyssar\">Alexander Keyssar<\/a>. 2009. <a href=\"http:\/\/ash.harvard.edu\/links\/right-vote-contested-history-democracy-united-states\"><em>The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0Basic Books.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.umn.edu\/lookup?UID=behr0055\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Angela Behrens<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/about\/directory\/profile\/uggen001\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher Uggen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/object\/JeffManza\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeff Manza<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2003. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/users.cla.umn.edu\/~uggen\/Behrens_Uggen_Manza_ajs.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ballot Manipulation and the \u2018Menace of Negro Domination\u2019: Racial Threat and Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States, 1850\u20132002<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Journal of Sociology <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">109(3): 559-605.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cla.umn.edu\/about\/directory\/profile\/uggen001\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher Uggen<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.as.nyu.edu\/object\/JeffManza\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Jeff Manza<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2002. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3088970\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Democratic Contraction? Political Consequences of Felon Disenfranchisement in the United States<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">67(6): 777-803.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the 2010 midterm elections, there was a wave of laws that seemed to\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/socimages\/2012\/01\/09\/voter-suppression-the-new-disenfranchisement\/\">bolster<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">voting requirements, such as new ID laws and proof of residence<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. And while\u00a0strengthening voter requirements may seem benign at first, these rules restrict access to\u00a0people who are less likely to have identification and proof of residence &#8212; people of color, the elderly, and the poor. In essence, such laws make it harder for only <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">some<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> people to vote. Research suggests that Republican leadership and legislatures are more likely to push for these laws, an irony when we consider that the President Trump is alleging that there were too <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">many <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">votes. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umb.edu\/academics\/cla\/faculty\/keith_bentele\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keith G. Bentele<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Erin O\u2019Brien. 2013. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/scholarworks.umb.edu\/sociology_faculty_pubs\/11\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jim Crow 2.0?: Why States Consider and Adopt Restrictive Voter Access Policies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221;\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perspectives on Politics.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 11(4): 1088-1116.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wdhicks.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">William D. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hicks<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.depts.ttu.edu\/politicalscience\/Faculty\/Seth_McKee.php\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seth C. McKee<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/msellers\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mitchell D. Sellers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/people.clas.ufl.edu\/dasmith\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel A. Smith<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. &#8220;<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1065912914554039\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A Principle or a Strategy? Voter Identification Laws and Partisan Competition in the American States<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&#8221; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Political Research Quarterly<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 68(1): 18-33.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>President Trump and his administration have insisted\u00a0that there was massive voter fraud in the 2016 election, although evidence has not supported this allegation. Instead, the evidence points \u00a0to significant issues surrounding\u00a0voter\u00a0suppression\u00a0in the United States. One contributing factor is felon disenfranchisement &#8212; when people with a felony conviction permanently lose the right to vote. Since the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,13,85,14],"tags":[38547,40356,38541,38546,38542,109],"class_list":["post-1362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-crime","tag-felon-disenfranchisement","tag-inequality","tag-politics","tag-race","tag-voting"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1362"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1362\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1368,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1362\/revisions\/1368"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1362"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}