{"id":1269,"date":"2017-02-07T08:00:13","date_gmt":"2017-02-07T14:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1269"},"modified":"2017-02-06T14:14:35","modified_gmt":"2017-02-06T20:14:35","slug":"gendering-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/02\/07\/gendering-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Gendering Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1271\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1271\" style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/wwworks\/5073550323\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1271\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/02\/5073550323_c02476b6a8_z.jpg\" width=\"560\" height=\"374\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/02\/5073550323_c02476b6a8_z.jpg 640w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/02\/5073550323_c02476b6a8_z-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/02\/5073550323_c02476b6a8_z-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by woodleywonderworks, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A recent <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2017\/01\/26\/511801423\/young-girls-are-less-apt-to-think-women-are-really-really-smart\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> found that by age six, girls perceive themselves as less intelligent than boys. The study consisted of an experiment asking girls and boys if they wanted to play a game for smart kids, then telling them a fictional story about a smart person. At the end of the story, the kids had to decide if the \u201creally, really smart\u201d person in the story was a man or woman. The girls were less likely to identify the character as a woman than boys were to identify the character as a man. Social science research shows that stereotypes and childhood socialization shape a person\u2019s understanding of gender norms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The classic stereotype that boys are better at math and science still persists, even though more women are entering STEM fields. Teachers often perceive that boys are better at math than girls are, which girls and boys both internalize as early as second grade. Students, in turn, stereotype men as smarter than women, as evidenced by student evaluations of college professors. Students refer to male professors as \u201cbrilliant\u201d more often than female and minority professors, and the \u201cbrilliant\u201d professors are more likely to be in fields, such as math and science, with fewer female professors.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/education.utexas.edu\/faculty\/catherine_riegle-crumb\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Catherine Riegle-Crumb<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/utexas.academia.edu\/MelissaHumphries\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Melissa Humphries<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0891243211434614\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exploring Bias in Math Teachers\u2019 Perceptions of Student Ability by Gender and Race\/Ethnicity.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 26(2): 290-322.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/ilabs.uw.edu\/research-scientists\/bio\/i-labs-dario-cvencek-phd\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dario Cvencek<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/ilabs.uw.edu\/institute-faculty\/bio\/i-labs-andrew-n-meltzoff-phd\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andrew N. Meltzoff<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/agg\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anthony G. Greenwald<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2011. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01529.x\/full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Math\u2013Gender Stereotypes in Elementary School Children<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Child Development<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 82: 766\u2013779<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.psychology.illinois.edu\/people\/storage2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel Storage<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.psychology.illinois.edu\/people\/horne2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zachary Horne<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.psych.nyu.edu\/cimpian\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Andrei Cimpian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.princeton.edu\/~sjleslie\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sarah-Jane Leslie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0150194\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Frequency of \u201cBrilliant\u201d and \u201cGenius\u201d in Teaching Evaluations Predicts the Representation of Women and African Americans across Fields<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PLoS ONE<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 11(3)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to just thinking boys are better at certain subjects, teachers also treat girls and boys differently. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In preschools, teachers tend to let boys be rowdier, louder, and allow them to move around the classroom more freely.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Later in school, after kids have learned what behaviors are gender-appropriate in the classroom, teachers associate boys with troublemaking and girls with good behavior, which they in turn translate into beliefs about academic achievement; they tend to view boys as underachievers and girls as high achievers, meaning that girls who struggle in school often get overlooked.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sites.lsa.umich.edu\/kamartin\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karin A. Martin<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1998. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2657264\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Becoming a Gendered Body: Practices of Preschools<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 63: 494-511.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk\/education\/staff\/index.php?web_id=susan_jones\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Susan Jones<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/socialsciences.exeter.ac.uk\/education\/staff\/index.php?web_id=debra_myhill\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Debra Myhill<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2004. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/citedby\/10.1080\/0142569042000252044?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2018Troublesome Boys\u2019 and \u2018Compliant Girls\u2019: Gender Identity and Perceptions of Achievement and Underachievement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">British Journal of Sociology of Education<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 5: 547-561.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the stereotypes that boys and girls have different intellectual capacities, studies show that they are not really psychologically different, but at certain ages in development they may seem different. In actuality, girls and boys do not have unequal math and science abilities.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/psych.wisc.edu\/faculty-hyde.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Janet Hyde<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2005. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/amp\/60\/6\/581\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Gender Similarities Hypothesis.<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Psychologist <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">60(6): 581-592.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Janet Hyde, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.heinemann.com\/authors\/1115.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elizabeth Fennema<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and Susan J. Lamon. 1990. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/bul\/107\/2\/139\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender Differences in Mathematics Performance: A meta-Analysis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychological Bulletin 107(2): 139-155.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A recent study found that by age six, girls perceive themselves as less intelligent than boys. The study consisted of an experiment asking girls and boys if they wanted to play a game for smart kids, then telling them a fictional story about a smart person. At the end of the story, the kids had [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,13],"tags":[34,38545,38541,259,10418,2051,407],"class_list":["post-1269","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gender","category-inequality","tag-education","tag-gender","tag-inequality","tag-intelligence","tag-schools","tag-socialization","tag-stereotypes"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1269"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1269\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1273,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1269\/revisions\/1273"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1269"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}