{"id":1246,"date":"2017-01-27T07:00:33","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T13:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1246"},"modified":"2017-01-26T11:00:06","modified_gmt":"2017-01-26T17:00:06","slug":"when-women-mobilize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2017\/01\/27\/when-women-mobilize\/","title":{"rendered":"When Women Mobilize"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1250\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1250\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/mobili\/32103990670\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1250\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/01\/32103990670_8cae4aac18_z-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/01\/32103990670_8cae4aac18_z-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/01\/32103990670_8cae4aac18_z-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2017\/01\/32103990670_8cae4aac18_z.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1250\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Mobilus In Mobili, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In one of the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/womens-march-anti-donald-trump-womens-rights-largest-protest-demonstration-us-history-political-a7541081.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">largest days of protest in recent history<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.womensmarch.com\/\">Women\u2019s March on Washington<\/a>\u00a0and its sister marches<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0drew millions of people out into the streets of major American cities to protest the inauguration of Donald Trump and to call for protecting the rights of women, immigrants, and other groups that are likely to be further marginalized by the Trump administration. A look at research on past women\u2019s movements sheds light on the ways that\u00a0gender shapes when and how women protest, and the important roles they have played in social movement history.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While some argue that women are too diverse to constitute an \u201cissue group,\u201d women\u2019s social mobilization around issues of reproductive, labor, and voting rights has had an important impact on movement culture in the United States. In fact, women\u2019s groups were some of the first to work outside of the existing political system by relying on changing public opinion, rather than voting, as a movement strategy.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.heathermckeehurwitz.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heather Mckee Hurwitz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.soc.ucsb.edu\/faculty\/vtaylor\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Verta Taylor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1751-9020.2012.00502.x\/abstract\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women&#8217;s Cultures and Social Movements in Global Contexts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sociology Compass<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 6(10): 808-822.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/as.vanderbilt.edu\/sociology\/bio\/holly-mccammon\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Holly McCammon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.clemson.edu\/cbshs\/faculty-staff\/profiles\/GRANBER\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ellen Granberg<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/as.vanderbilt.edu\/sociology\/bio\/karen-campbell\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karen Campbell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.vcu.edu\/person\/christine-mowery\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christine Mowery<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2001. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2657393\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How Movements Win: Gendered Opportunity Structures and U.S. Women\u2019s Suffrage Movements, 1866 to 1919<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 66(1): 49-70.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sociology.uchicago.edu\/directory\/elisabeth-s-clemens\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elisabeth S. Clemens<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1993. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2781235?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Organizational Repertoires and Institutional Change: Women&#8217;s Groups and the Transformation of U.S. Politics, 1890-1920<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Journal of Sociology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 98(4): 755-798.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But women have to contend with a social movement culture that is structured around already pervasive gender norms, which means that the<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0strategies used by women\u2019s movements, and women&#8217;s roles in social movements more generally, are in many ways reflective of existing gender norms. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, women\u2019s movements are more likely to rely on nonviolent strategies, like marches, and women are more likely to be recruited into movement groups to perform nonviolent, gendered tasks, such as canvassing or managing the movement&#8217;s social networks. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.holycross.edu\/academics\/programs\/sociology-and-anthropology\/faculty\/selina-r-gallo-cruz\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selina Gallo-Cruz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2016. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/soc4.12405\/abstract\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More Powerful Forces? Women, Nonviolence, and Mobilization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sociology Compass<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 10(9): 823- 835.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/politicalscience.case.edu\/faculty\/karen-beckwith\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Karen Beckwith<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2002. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/1554766?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women, Gender, and Nonviolence in Political Movements<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PS: Political Science &amp; Politics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 35(1): 75-81.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though women are often\u00a0relegated to the subordinate roles and more menial tasks of political organizing, research finds that these roles have been a key ingredient to social movement success. A historical analysis of the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. reveals that African American women acted as \u201cbridge leaders,\u201d making the necessary connections between movement leaders and constituents that helped grow the movement. Women have also played a vital role in the U.S. environmental justice movement and drawn on their grievances and experiences as mothers to challenge pollution and toxic waste. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.faculty.uci.edu\/profile.cfm?faculty_id=4668\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Belinda Robnett<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1996. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2782115?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">African-American Women in the Civil Rights Movement, 1954-1965: Gender, Leadership, and Micromobilization<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Journal of Sociology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 101(6): 1661-1693.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kean.edu\/academics\/college-liberal-arts\/school-social-sciences\/sociology\/faculty\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Celene Krauss<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1993. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF00990101\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Women and Toxic Waste Protests: Race, Class and Gender as Resources of Resistance<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qualitative Sociology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 16(3):247\u201362.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/soc.as.uky.edu\/users\/sebe223\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shannon Elizabeth Bell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2013. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.press.uillinois.edu\/books\/catalog\/55gxp5kh9780252037955.html\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our Roots Run Deep as Ironweed: Appalachian Women and the Fight for Environmental Justice<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. University of Illinois Press.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nThe success of the recent Women&#8217;s March is further evidence that when women mobilize, they can be a powerful force for change.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In one of the largest days of protest in recent history, the Women\u2019s March on Washington\u00a0and its sister marches\u00a0drew millions of people out into the streets of major American cities to protest the inauguration of Donald Trump and to call for protecting the rights of women, immigrants, and other groups that are likely to be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55,13,85],"tags":[38543,38545,38541,42232,38546,781,42231,42230],"class_list":["post-1246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-gender","category-inequality","category-politics","tag-culture","tag-gender","tag-inequality","tag-nonviolence","tag-politics","tag-protest","tag-womens-march","tag-womens-movements"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1246"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1256,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246\/revisions\/1256"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}