{"id":1121,"date":"2016-11-07T13:38:52","date_gmt":"2016-11-07T19:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1121"},"modified":"2016-11-07T13:44:18","modified_gmt":"2016-11-07T19:44:18","slug":"marvel-masculinity-and-racial-diversity-in-comic-books","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2016\/11\/07\/marvel-masculinity-and-racial-diversity-in-comic-books\/","title":{"rendered":"Marvel, Masculinity, and Racial Diversity in Comic Books"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1124\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1124\" style=\"width: 229px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/resrez\/9519952165\/in\/photolist-fvff7i-eLoVH8-dUmjW3-cSC8ao-dUfGNa-dUfHge-cSC9wh-dUfK2D-dUmk2G-cSC9Gj-cSC53E-dUfHor-cSC6Ch-eeUA2M-dUmkiu-dUmmWY-dUfGUT-dUfKNa-cSC4fA-cSC1Z5-dUfKbk-dUfKiK-cSC8QU-dUfJLn-dUmidS-fvuxr3-78j66X-dUfJD8-dUfKjF-dpmNZc-cSC98s-78j2z8-dmn5Pt-6JnA4u-dUmkAU-dUmmH1-pDBPdo-cSC8Bs-58wiAs-dUfJ3M-dUmk5Y-7bg8Qr-ndUta-bjBnr2-dUfKjX-dUmjUS-dUfKfV-dUmneU-csJ6Ws-dqNwPr\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1124 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/9519952165_8b9250ccc0_z-229x300.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Andres Juarez, Flickr CC\" width=\"229\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/9519952165_8b9250ccc0_z-229x300.jpg 229w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/9519952165_8b9250ccc0_z-458x600.jpg 458w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/9519952165_8b9250ccc0_z.jpg 488w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1124\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Andres Juarez, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marvel&#8217;s new series focusing on superhero Luke Cage debuted on Netflix in late September to critical acclaim. The show boasts a 95% rating on RottenTomatoes and was called \u201cone of the most socially relevant and smartest shows on the small screen you will see this year,\u201d by <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/deadline.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deadline.com<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019s Dominic Patten. Aside from its artistic merits, commentaries also praise\u00a0the prominence of Luke Cage as a &#8220;bulletproof black man in a hoodie,&#8221; with the show\u2019s star <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.ca\/2016\/09\/29\/marvel-luke-cage_n_12202516.html\">Michael Colter telling The Huffington Post<\/a>: &#8220;It&#8217;s a nod to Trayvon, no question \u2026 Trayvon Martin and people like him. People like Jordan Davis, a kid who was shot because of the perception that he was a danger. When you&#8217;re a black man in a hoodie all of a sudden you&#8217;re a criminal.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comic books and comic book culture have slowly become more diverse as companies like Marvel have begun prioritizing the inclusion of racial minorities in their stories. Kamala Khan, a Muslim teen, has replaced the white hero Carol Danvers as Ms. Marvel. The hero replacing Iron Man is a black teen named Riri Williams. And Miles Morales, a black Hispanic teen, replaced the white Peter Parker as Spider-Man.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yet despite its recent progressive slant, Marvel and other comic companies have had issues with racial stereotyping, particularly with their black heroes. Marc Singer describes how the medium of comics relies on racialized representations, with appearance being a major way to distinguish characters from one another.\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/coas.howard.edu\/english\/faculty&amp;staff_singer.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marc Singer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2002. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2903369\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Skins&#8221; and White Masks: Comic Books and the Secret of Race<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">African American Review<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a036(1), 107-119.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/bellarmine.lmu.edu\/afam\/faculty\/?expert=adilifu.nama\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adilifu Nama<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2011. <\/span><em><a href=\"http:\/\/utpress.utexas.edu\/index.php\/books\/namsue\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Super Black: American Pop Culture and Black Super Heroes<\/span><\/a><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>.<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">University of Texas Press<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.ucsc.edu\/faculty\/singleton.php?&amp;singleton=true&amp;cruz_id=herman\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herman Gray<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2013. &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/muse.jhu.edu\/article\/533789\">Subject(ed) to Recognition<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8221; <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Quarterly<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0(65:4), 771-798.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is also heavily tied up in the portrayal of superheroes as super-masculine. When the racial aspect of this dynamic is uncovered, we see a complicated history. Rob Lendrum traces these heroes to the &#8220;blaxploitation&#8221; era of film\/media in the 1970s, arguing that many superheroes were influenced by this culture, including Luke Cage. Jeffrey A. Brown sees these images as one-note and compares them to the black-owned works of Milestone Media Inc. comics. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bgsu.edu\/arts-and-sciences\/cultural-and-critical-studies\/popular-culture\/faculty-and-staff\/jeffrey-brown.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jeffrey A. Brown<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1999. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2901299\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Comic Book Masculinity and the New Black Superhero<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">African American Review<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">33<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1), 25-42.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.robertlendrum.com\/about\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rob Lendrum<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2005. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3828\/extr.2005.46.3.8\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Super Black Macho, One Baaad Mutha: Black Superhero Masculinity in 1970s Mainstream Comic Books<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Extrapolation<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">46<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(3), 360-372.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Marvel&#8217;s new series focusing on superhero Luke Cage debuted on Netflix in late September to critical acclaim. The show boasts a 95% rating on RottenTomatoes and was called \u201cone of the most socially relevant and smartest shows on the small screen you will see this year,\u201d by Deadline.com\u2019s Dominic Patten. Aside from its artistic merits, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55,13,14],"tags":[10776,38543,38545,38541,42198,38542],"class_list":["post-1121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-gender","category-inequality","category-race","tag-comic-books","tag-culture","tag-gender","tag-inequality","tag-luke-cage","tag-race"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1121"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1128,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1121\/revisions\/1128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}