{"id":1111,"date":"2016-11-01T09:57:34","date_gmt":"2016-11-01T14:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1111"},"modified":"2016-11-01T09:57:34","modified_gmt":"2016-11-01T14:57:34","slug":"nasty-women-and-the-reappropriation-of-stigmatized-labels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2016\/11\/01\/nasty-women-and-the-reappropriation-of-stigmatized-labels\/","title":{"rendered":"Nasty Women and the Reappropriation of Stigmatized Labels"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1114\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1114\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BLzZr9qgj4y\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1114\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/nasty-woman-300x255.jpg\" alt=\"Nasty Woman Tote Bag\" width=\"300\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/nasty-woman-300x255.jpg 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/nasty-woman-768x652.jpg 768w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/nasty-woman-600x509.jpg 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/11\/nasty-woman.jpg 872w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1114\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nasty Woman Tote Bag<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Donald Trump\u2019s \u201cnasty woman\u201d comment during the third presidential debate has ignited a veritable \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/maddieberg\/2016\/10\/21\/how-donald-trump-donald-trump-accidentally-created-the-nasty-woman-economy\/#5b5730a2f263\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nasty woman economy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d Just two weeks later, there are <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/HuffPostWomen\/status\/789106000364179456\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">numerous<\/span><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/nastywomen\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hashtags<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and a growing diversity of merchandise, including a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/BLzZr9qgj4y\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tote bag<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, that reclaim \u201cnasty woman\u201d as a positive and empowering label. Elizabeth Warren capitalized on this at a recent Clinton rally when she said, \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/2016-election\/warren-trump-nasty-women-have-really-had-it-guys-you-n671981\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nasty women are tough, nasty women are smart, and nasty women vote<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d As <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Atlantic<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> details in their <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/entertainment\/archive\/2016\/10\/nasty-a-feminist-history\/504815\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">feminist history<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the word, \u201cnasty\u201d was reappropriated as a \u201cbadge of honor\u201d some time ago, and they point to songs like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vimeo.com\/44004289?width=1080\" data-rel=\"lightbox-video-0\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Janet Jackson\u2019s <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nasty<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as an example of women using the word in a positive way. The reappropriation of stigmatized labels is not new, though social scientists find that this strategy has both strengths and weaknesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychologists have found that when a group reclaims a derogatory label, perceptions of that group\u2019s power increases. And once a group is perceived as powerful, individuals feel more empowered to self identify with that reappropriated label. However, this strategy only works for derogatory<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">terms like \u201cqueer\u201d and \u201cbitch,\u201d not for descriptive terms like \u201cwoman\u201d or majority-group terms like \u201cstraight.\u201d <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www8.gsb.columbia.edu\/cbs-directory\/detail\/ag2514\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adam D. Galinsky<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et al. 2013. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www8.gsb.columbia.edu\/cbs-directory\/node\/18533\/preview\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Reappropriation of Stigmatizing Labels: The Reciprocal Relationship Between Power and Self-Labeling<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Psychological Science<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 24(10): 2020\u20132029.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some sociologists argue that this power is merely a \u201cfalse power.\u201d The fact that terms like \u201cbitch\u201d are still sometimes used as derogatory terms, often by the very people who claim to be reappropriating them for good, leads some to the conclusion that reclaiming terms in this way only hides oppression by making it acceptable and keeping the term alive in the lexicon. Scholars like Mariam Frasier also point out that class, race, and gender inequality shapes if and when someone can identify with a reappropriated label. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.unc.edu\/~kleinman\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sherryl Kleinman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jmu.edu\/socanth\/sociology\/ezzellmb.shtml\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matthew Ezzell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and Corey Frost. 2009. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.jmu.edu\/socanth\/sociology\/wm_library\/Ezzell.Reclaiming_Critical_Analysis.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reclaiming Critical Analysis: The Social Harms of \u2018Bitch\u2019<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sociological Analysis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3(1): 46-68.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gold.ac.uk\/sociology\/staff\/motamedi-fraser\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mariam Fraser<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1999. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/tcs.sagepub.com\/content\/16\/2\/107.short\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Classing Queer: Politics in Competition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Theory, Culture &amp; Society<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 16(2): 107-131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This contested and often flexible nature of reappropriated labels is what others see as their strength. Generational and political differences often result in conflicts surrounding reappropriation of a term. These debates have been found among many groups, including feminists, atheists, and African Americans. But some social scientists argue that these negotiations and disagreements give members of stigmatized social groups the agency to evaluate their own labels and to make determinations about when and whether to accept or reject them on their own terms. <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wwwp.oakland.edu\/socan\/top-links\/faculty\/reger\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jo Reger<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/jce.sagepub.com\/content\/44\/1\/84.full.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Story of a Slut Walk: Sexuality, Race, and Generational Divisions in Contemporary Feminist Activism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Contemporary Ethnography <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">44(1): 84\u201311.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/miamioh.edu\/cas\/academics\/departments\/english\/about\/faculty_staff\/faculty\/permanent-faculty\/rahman-jacquelyn\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jacquelyn Rahman<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2012. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/eng.sagepub.com\/content\/40\/2\/137\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The N Word: Its History and Use in the African American Community<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of English Linguistics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 40(2): 137\u2013171.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.warwick.ac.uk\/fac\/soc\/pais\/people\/kettell\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steven Kettell<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/13537903.2014.945722\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Divided We Stand: The Politics of the Atheist Movement in the United States<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journal of Contemporary Religion<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 29(3): 377-391.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Donald Trump\u2019s \u201cnasty woman\u201d comment during the third presidential debate has ignited a veritable \u201cnasty woman economy.\u201d Just two weeks later, there are numerous hashtags and a growing diversity of merchandise, including a tote bag, that reclaim \u201cnasty woman\u201d as a positive and empowering label. Elizabeth Warren capitalized on this at a recent Clinton rally [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,55],"tags":[38543,38545,42193,42194,1969],"class_list":["post-1111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","category-gender","tag-culture","tag-gender","tag-nasty-women","tag-reappropriation","tag-stigma"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1111"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1115,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1111\/revisions\/1115"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}