{"id":1045,"date":"2016-09-30T08:30:54","date_gmt":"2016-09-30T13:30:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1045"},"modified":"2016-09-29T10:15:06","modified_gmt":"2016-09-29T15:15:06","slug":"hillary-interrupted","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2016\/09\/30\/hillary-interrupted\/","title":{"rendered":"Hillary, Interrupted"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1050\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1050\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dailydot.com\/irl\/hillary-clinton-donald-trump-interruptions-presidential-debate\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1050\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1050\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/Screen-Shot-2016-09-26-at-10.20.33-PM-1-600x303.png\" alt=\"Trump interrupted Clinton 51 times at the first of three 2016 presidential debates. \" width=\"600\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/Screen-Shot-2016-09-26-at-10.20.33-PM-1-600x303.png 600w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/Screen-Shot-2016-09-26-at-10.20.33-PM-1-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/Screen-Shot-2016-09-26-at-10.20.33-PM-1-768x388.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1050\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trump interrupted Clinton 51 times at the first of three 2016 presidential debates.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you didn&#8217;t notice\u00a0the rampant interruptions during this week\u2019s first presidential debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, don\u2019t worry &#8211; several sources ranging from<\/span> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/policy-and-politics\/2016\/9\/27\/13017666\/presidential-debate-trump-clinton-sexism-interruptions\">Vox<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/09\/28\/opinion\/campaign-stops\/hillary-clinton-will-not-be-manterrupted.html?_r=0\">The New York Times<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and even <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.usmagazine.com\/celebrity-news\/news\/donald-trump-interrupted-hillary-clinton-51-times-at-debate-w442201\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">U.S. Weekly<\/span><\/i><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">took note. While estimates vary as to the exact number of times each candidate interrupted the other, some estimate that Clinton interrupted Trump about a dozen times while Trump interrupted both Clinton and debate moderator Lester Holt <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/4509790\/donald-trump-debate-interruptions\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over 50 times<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As this is likely a moment we will teach in Sociology of Gender courses <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/qz.com\/792389\/tonights-us-presidential-debate-between-donald-trump-and-hillary-clinton-will-be-shown-in-gender-studies-classes-for-years-to-come\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for years to come<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we can look to prior studies of speech patterns and gender to contextualize the demeanor of the debate. <\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both men and women engage in all types and styles of interruption; however, men are more likely to engage in intrusive interruption &#8212; that is, when someone interrupts \u201cthe speaker\u2019s turn at talk with the intent of demonstrating dominance.\u201d Additionally, men interrupt women more often than they do other men, using sex as a status characteristic in group discussion.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uhd.edu\/academics\/humanities\/undergraduate-programs\/psychology\/Pages\/bio-AndersonK-bio.aspx\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kristin J. Anderson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/psychology.ucsc.edu\/faculty\/singleton.php?&amp;singleton=true&amp;cruz_id=cam\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Campbell Leaper<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1998. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1018802521676\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meta-Analyses of Gender Effects on Controversial Interruption: Who, What, When, Where, and How<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sex Roles <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">39(314): 225-252.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.duke.edu\/people?Gurl=%2Faas%2FSociology&amp;Uid=1849&amp;subpage=profile\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lynn Smith-Lovin <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.uncc.edu\/people\/charles-brody\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Charles Brody<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 1989. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2095614\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interruptions in Group Discussions: The Effects of Gender and Group Composition<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">American Sociological Review <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">54(3): 424-435.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Gender also plays a role in interruptions among deliberating bodies, particularly when women are the minority within the group. When outnumbered, women experience higher rates of dismissive interruption and lower rates of approval when speaking.<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.princeton.edu\/talim\/home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tali Mendelberg<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fhssfaculty.byu.edu\/FacultyPage.aspx?id=cfk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Christopher F. Karpowitz<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.princeton.edu\/oliphant\/home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J. Baxter Oliphant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/perspectives-on-politics\/article\/gender-inequality-in-deliberation-unpacking-the-black-box-of-interaction\/7C72D50D31CEC1330B58F0BDA4F9084B\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender Inequality in Deliberation: Unpacking the Black Box of Interaction<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perspectives on Politics<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 12(1):18\u201344.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Interruption, regardless of gender, has social consequences. Someone who interrupts is often seen as more successful, though less socially acceptable and reliable.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mary Glenn Wiley and Dale E. Woolley. 1988. \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/gas.sagepub.com\/content\/2\/1\/90.abstract\">I<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/gas.sagepub.com\/content\/2\/1\/90.abstract\">nterruptions Among Equals: Power Plays that Fail<\/a>.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gender &amp; Society <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2(1): 90-102. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you didn&#8217;t notice\u00a0the rampant interruptions during this week\u2019s first presidential debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, don\u2019t worry &#8211; several sources ranging from Vox\u00a0to The New York Times\u00a0and even U.S. Weekly took note. While estimates vary as to the exact number of times each candidate interrupted the other, some estimate that Clinton interrupted [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,13,85],"tags":[36391,38545,10459,38541,40835,38546,695],"class_list":["post-1045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gender","category-inequality","category-politics","tag-donald-trump","tag-gender","tag-hillary-clinton","tag-inequality","tag-interruptions","tag-politics","tag-presidential-debate"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1045"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1052,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045\/revisions\/1052"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}