{"id":1039,"date":"2016-09-29T08:31:10","date_gmt":"2016-09-29T13:31:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/?p=1039"},"modified":"2016-09-29T08:31:10","modified_gmt":"2016-09-29T13:31:10","slug":"problem-oriented-policing-in-an-age-of-protest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/2016\/09\/29\/problem-oriented-policing-in-an-age-of-protest\/","title":{"rendered":"Problem-Oriented Policing in an Age of Protest"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1042\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1042\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/g20voice\/3954363946\/in\/photolist-72r9CJ-4SLQib-72n9vt-phSAjJ-arcdqv-4UicEw-PnLGr-akRQaQ-4vPqQk-5FFtnp-gJiBTk-8dm8jm-dcckV4-42iDk-b5pY3-621Fcx-o87JuQ-2gxdZ-7g5MZw-onzCvJ-dcbQCU-55DyT3-64RNps-dccmPW-37vQ9d-52VPMf-o87P9P-3TwKkt-5YqX9J-b9Anb-b5r7n-7ynd7W-bHQL1-7LHTn-nY2SJE-5Yqwub-K1tEx-47gMB-3Pn3e-5dWTNg-FWrvhd-5VV7u7-hSQGb-3p1o9-8FVZn-CUYB-5VaCcU-8kcrxc-45ADo3-c73NE3\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-1042\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1042\" src=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/3954363946_81405bd6fd_o.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by G20 Voice, Flickr CC\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/3954363946_81405bd6fd_o.jpg 500w, https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/files\/2016\/09\/3954363946_81405bd6fd_o-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1042\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by G20 Voice, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In lieu of the recent fatal police shootings in cities such as <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/09\/22\/us\/tulsa-officer-charged\/\">Tulsa<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2016\/09\/24\/us\/charlotte-keith-lamont-scott-shooting-video\/\">Charlotte<\/a>, and most recently,<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/09\/29\/us\/shooting-el-cajon-police.html\"> El Cajon, California<\/a>, communities are coming together to demand changes in law enforcement interactions. Of particular concern is police surveillance and the subsequent criminalization of minor offenses. &#8220;Problem-oriented policing&#8221; &#8211; which focuses on a community\u2019s \u201chot spots\u201d and requires police to be more <em>proactive<\/em> in identifying where crime might happen, as opposed to just <em>reacting<\/em> after a crime takes place &#8211;\u00a0has been offered as a possible solution. But does problem-oriented policing actually reduce crime? Social science research helps us sort out the potential benefits and pitfalls to problem-oriented policing.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The research record is mixed. Studies evaluating problem-oriented policing programs in Jersey City and Los Angeles showed reductions in serious crimes, such as property crime, robbery, and drug selling, as well nuisance crimes associated with homelessness. Others, however, show no signs of decrease in the number of reported crime rates. Scholars suggest that problem-oriented policing may only have an impact in areas of severe crime and distrust of law enforcement. \u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/rscj.newark.rutgers.edu\/faculty\/member\/braga-anthony\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anthony A. Braga<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/cls.gmu.edu\/people\/dweisbur\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David L. Weisburd<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Elin J. Waring, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.issr.uq.edu.au\/staff\/mazerolle-lorraine\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorraine Green Mazerolle<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, William Spelman, and Francis Gajewski. 1999. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/cebcp.org\/wp-content\/onepagers\/POPinViolentCrimePlacesRCT_BragaEtAl.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Problem\u2010oriented Policing in Violent Crime Places: A Randomized Controlled Experiment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminology <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">37(3): 541-580.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/crim.sas.upenn.edu\/people\/faculty\/richard-berk\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Berk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and John McDonald. 2010. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu\/~berkr\/cops%20copy.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Policing the Homeless: An Evaluation of Efforts to Reduce Homeless-related Crime<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminology and Public Policy, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">9 (4): 813-840.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/cls.gmu.edu\/people\/dweisbur\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">David Weisburd<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Nancy A. Morris, and Justin Ready. 2008. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/07418820801954647\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk-Focused Policing at Places: An Experimental Evaluation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Justice Quarterly <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">25(1): 163-200.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional concerns with problem-oriented policing is its effect on marginalized communities. Both observed environmental cues and implicit racial and ethnic biases affect people\u2019s perception of neighborhood disorder. As such, neighborhoods with high concentrations of racial\/ethnic minorities are perceived as having more disorder, and consequently viewed as more dangerous and violent. Residents living in neighborhoods marked by perceived disorder are themselves labeled as threats by law enforcement, perpetuating and reproducing urban inequality and cultural stereotypes.<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/scholar.harvard.edu\/sampson\/home\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robert Sampson<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/sociology.uchicago.edu\/people\/faculty\/raudenbush.shtml\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stephen W. Raudenbush<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2004. \u201c<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/spq.sagepub.com\/content\/67\/4\/319.short?rss=1&amp;ssource=mfc\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seeing Disorder: Neighborhood Stigma and the Social Construction of \u2018Broken Windows<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u2019\u201d <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Social Psychology Quarterly<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 67(4): 319-342.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>George Kelling and Catherine Coles. 1996. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Fixing-Broken-Windows-Restoring-Communities\/dp\/0684837382\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. New York: Free Press.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In lieu of the recent fatal police shootings in cities such as Tulsa, Charlotte, and most recently, El Cajon, California, communities are coming together to demand changes in law enforcement interactions. Of particular concern is police surveillance and the subsequent criminalization of minor offenses. &#8220;Problem-oriented policing&#8221; &#8211; which focuses on a community\u2019s \u201chot spots\u201d and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1957,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124,13,85,14],"tags":[38547,38541,38546,40831,3334,38542],"class_list":["post-1039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-crime","category-inequality","category-politics","category-race","tag-crime","tag-inequality","tag-politics","tag-problem-oriented-policing","tag-protests","tag-race"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1957"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1039"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1044,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1039\/revisions\/1044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/trot\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}