{"id":1567,"date":"2021-07-09T12:00:45","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T16:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/?p=1567"},"modified":"2021-07-09T12:00:45","modified_gmt":"2021-07-09T16:00:45","slug":"the-audacity-of-the-black-athlete-how-naomi-osakas-french-open-protest-exposed-anti-blackness-racial-capitalism-misogynoir-in-professional-sports","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/2021\/07\/09\/the-audacity-of-the-black-athlete-how-naomi-osakas-french-open-protest-exposed-anti-blackness-racial-capitalism-misogynoir-in-professional-sports\/","title":{"rendered":"The Audacity of the Black Athlete: How Naomi Osaka\u2019s French Open Protest Exposed Anti-Blackness, Racial Capitalism &#038; Misogynoir in Professional Sports"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1571\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1571\" style=\"width: 2560px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1571\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/2021\/07\/09\/the-audacity-of-the-black-athlete-how-naomi-osakas-french-open-protest-exposed-anti-blackness-racial-capitalism-misogynoir-in-professional-sports\/osaka3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C2153&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,2153\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;6.3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D7100&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1464011609&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;270&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;1250&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.001&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Osaka3\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Naomi Osaka withdrew from the 2021 French Open after she was fined $15,000 for not appearing at a press conference following her first round match (photo by Carine06 CC BY-SA 2.0)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?fit=300%2C252&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C861&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1571\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?resize=2560%2C2153&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Naomi Osaka, wearing a white visor and colorful shirt, stands reads to hit a tennis ball\" width=\"2560\" height=\"2153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C252&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C861&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C646&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1292&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1723&amp;ssl=1 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1571\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Naomi Osaka withdrew from the 2021 French Open after she was fined $15,000 for not appearing at a press conference following her first round match (photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/43555660@N00\/46835260872\">Carine06<\/a> CC BY-SA 2.0)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Professional Black athletes navigate a fine line between being autonomous, independent, wealthy elites and undervalued, replaceable workers in a larger sports industry governed by logics of racial capitalism. The late Cedrick Robinson\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/uncpress.org\/book\/9780807848296\/black-marxism\/\">Racial Capitalism<\/a> theory sees the systems of capitalism and racism as interconnected and inextricably linked. Robinson, a political scientist, argued that economic and social values are ascribed to individuals differently according to race. With this in mind, Black celebrity athletes occupy a seemingly powerful, yet precarious status. Journalist William Rhoden used the term \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/141584\/forty-million-dollar-slaves-by-william-c-rhoden\/\">40 Million Dollar Slaves<\/a><u>\u201d<\/u> to highlight the ways in which Black athletes\u2019 accumulation of wealth does not fully alleviate their oppressed status in an anti-Black American society.<\/p>\n<p><!--more Click here to read the full article...--><\/p>\n<p>Within the institution of sport, Black athletes navigate the ever-present <a href=\"https:\/\/rowman.com\/isbn\/9781442258358\">white gaze<\/a>. That is, their subjective realities, informed by their raced, classed, and gendered selves, are welcome in the professional sporting arena only as long as they entertain the primarily white audience. However, when their actions draw attention to hierarchies of power and inequality, they are deemed inappropriate because the white gaze constrains Black athletes to white imaginations as only competitors. For some viewers and sports officials, anything outside of this role is unwelcomed, such as Colin Kaepernick kneeling during the National Anthem in protest of racial injustice. More recently, Naomi Osaka\u2019s objection to post-match media obligations at the 2021 Roland Garros (a.k.a. French Open) tennis tournament demonstrates a similar dynamic.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-twitter\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"qme\" dir=\"ltr\">\u2764\ufe0f <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/EegFSKnoie\">pic.twitter.com\/EegFSKnoie<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NaomiOsaka\u5927\u5742\u306a\u304a\u307f (@naomiosaka) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/naomiosaka\/status\/1397665030015959040?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 26, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p>On May 26, 2021, in the midst of tournament qualifiers, Osaka tweeted a message explaining that she did not plan to engage with tournament media throughout the competition. She claimed the interviews negatively impacted her, and many other players\u2019, mental health. When officials fined her $15,000 for disregarding the interview after winning her first-round match, she withdrew from the tournament altogether. In this protest, we see resistance.<\/p>\n<div class=\"embed-twitter\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"500\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"zxx\" dir=\"ltr\"><a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/LN2ANnoAYD\">pic.twitter.com\/LN2ANnoAYD<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; NaomiOsaka\u5927\u5742\u306a\u304a\u307f (@naomiosaka) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/naomiosaka\/status\/1399422304854188037?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">May 31, 2021<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2095975\">Sociologically<\/a>, a protest involves acknowledging a grievance then behaving in such a way to draw attention to that issue in hopes of changing the conditions that produced it. In this case, Osaka\u2019s protest called out the expectation that athletes should perform for others before prioritizing their own well-being. In her withdrawal statement she wrote, \u201c<em>If the [sport] organizations think that they can just keep saying, \u201cdo press or you\u2019re gonna be fined\u201d, and continue to ignore the mental health of the athletes that are the centerpiece of their cooperation then I just gotta laugh<\/em>.\u201d Here, Osaka not only articulates her awareness of Grand Slam officials\u2019 attempts to alienate her from her work, but also links her protest to the genealogy of Black athletes who have had contentious relationships with sports media, such as NBA star <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/thetwo-way\/2018\/02\/19\/587097707\/laura-ingraham-told-lebron-james-to-shutup-and-dribble-he-went-to-the-hoop\">LeBron James<\/a> and retired NFL champ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.espn.com\/nfl\/playoffs\/2014\/story\/_\/id\/12248321\/marshawn-lynch-seattle-seahawks-offers-statement-media-answer-questions\">Marshawn Lynch<\/a>. Alienation is a concept associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/wwnorton.com\/books\/9780393090406\">Marxian theory<\/a> that contends, in a capitalist economy, workers are separated or \u201calienated\u201d from their work in distinct ways. Expecting Osaka to participate in post-match interviews, despite their detriment to her mental health, illustrates efforts to alienate her from the product of her work as well as her identity and sense of self.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1569\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1569\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1569\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/2021\/07\/09\/the-audacity-of-the-black-athlete-how-naomi-osakas-french-open-protest-exposed-anti-blackness-racial-capitalism-misogynoir-in-professional-sports\/tennis-us-open\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?fit=770%2C433&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"770,433\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;5.6&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Robert Deutsch-USA TODAY Sports&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;NIKON D5&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Aug 31, 2020; Flushing Meadows, New York, USA; Naomi Osaka\\u00a0(JPN) hits the ball in the stands following her match with Misaki Doi (JPN)\\u00a0on day one of the 2020 U.S. Open tennis tournament at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Mandatory Credit: Robert Deutsch-USA TODAY Sports&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1598914756&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;USA TODAY Sports&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;12800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Tennis: US OPEN&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tennis: US OPEN\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Photo by USATSI (via CBS Sports)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Aug 31, 2020; Flushing Meadows, New York, USA; Naomi Osaka\u00a0(JPN) hits the ball in the stands following her match with Misaki Doi (JPN)\u00a0on day one of the 2020 U.S. Open tennis tournament at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Mandatory Credit: Robert Deutsch-USA TODAY Sports&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?fit=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?fit=770%2C433&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1569\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?resize=600%2C337&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"At the 2020 US Open tennis tournament, Naomi Osaka wears a mas honoring Breonna Taylor during her first-round match\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?w=770&amp;ssl=1 770w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka1.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1569\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Naomi Osaka wears a mask honoring Breonna Taylor at the 2020 U.S. Open (Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbssports.com\/tennis\/news\/us-open-2020-naomi-osaka-wears-mask-honoring-breonna-taylor-during-first-round-match\/\">Robert Deutsch-USA TODAY Sports<\/a>)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Sports media, <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0160597620932886\">as an agent of the white gaze<\/a>, has reified a culture of alienation, which Black athletes have routinely resisted. Within the sport, tennis great Serena Williams has often provided short and pithy responses to redundant and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elle.com.au\/celebrity\/serena-williams-sexist-question-maria-sharapova-17739\">disingenuous interview questions<\/a>. While she did not outright reject engagement with post-match interviews during the 2021 French Open as Osaka did, her quipped responses still demonstrate resistance to a process that devalues her full humanity\u2014that is, a process that does not want her to bring all of her emotions, thoughts, and feelings to the microphone but instead only wants her to share the parts that make viewers feel comfortable and entertained. That said, it is undeniable that Black sports women have long been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/10\/16\/sports\/basketball\/wnba-loeffler-protest-kneeling.html\">agents of resistance<\/a> against a system built upon legacies of white supremacy, sexism, patriarchy as well as homophobia. In recent decades, one strategy used to keep Black women athletes on the margins of the sporting world has been to position them against one another in an effort to stave off collective action that can lead toward the facilitation of social change. When it comes to Serena and Naomi, for example, an ongoing narrative has been that Williams is the quintessential loud, crass, and angry Black woman, while Osaka is characterized as demurer and more delicate. This was made visible by a controversial cartoon from Australia that depicted an exaggerated Williams next to a literally white-washed Osaka.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1570\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1570\" style=\"width: 599px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1570\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/2021\/07\/09\/the-audacity-of-the-black-athlete-how-naomi-osakas-french-open-protest-exposed-anti-blackness-racial-capitalism-misogynoir-in-professional-sports\/osaka2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?fit=844%2C483&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"844,483\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Love, Adam William&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1625831179&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Osaka2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A cartoon that appeared in the Herald Sun newspaper (Melbourne, Australia) after Naomi Osaka&#8217;s win over Serena Williams in the 2019 U.S. Open.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?fit=300%2C172&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?fit=844%2C483&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-1570\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?resize=599%2C343&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"A cartoon depicts Serena Williams smashing her racket and jumping up and down in anger, while a referee says to Naomi Osaka in the background, &quot;can you just let her win?&quot;\" width=\"599\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?w=844&amp;ssl=1 844w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?resize=300%2C172&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka2.jpg?resize=768%2C440&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1570\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>A cartoon that appeared in the Herald Sun newspaper (Melbourne, Australia) after Naomi Osaka&#8217;s win over Serena Williams in the 2019 U.S. Open.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>However, now that Osaka is reclaiming her power and embracing her autonomy and right to protect herself and her peace, a new (though not so new) discourse is emerging. A discourse in which the Japanese-Haitian Osaka is currently being cast as the villain via the lens of anti-Blackness and <a href=\"https:\/\/nyupress.org\/9781479865109\/misogynoir-transformed\/\">misogynoir<\/a>\u2013a prejudice against women targeted specifically at Black women, buried deeply in the roots of sports and societies across the globe. Now those who oppose Osaka\u2019s decision not to pander to the media, including former tennis great <a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/billie-jean-king-naomi-osaka_n_60b4c825e4b0c5658f9666ac\">Billie Jean King<\/a>, see her as shirking her responsibilities rather than actively pushing back against a system that harms her and other athletes of color, especially when they <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1179\/ssa.2009.3.2.215\">speak up about social issues<\/a>. The intersection of race, sport, and society is complex, and the recent treatment of Osaka is only one of many instances that highlights this point.<\/p>\n<p>What should also not be lost in this discussion is Osaka\u2019s specific call for more focus on the mental health of professional athletes, and Black women athletes in particular. In more ways than one, news of Sha\u2019Carri Richardson\u2019s 30-day suspension from the U.S. Olympic Track &amp; Field team for testing positive for THC, a chemical found in marijuana, reiterates the significance of Osaka\u2019s activism. Although she did not owe the world an explanation, during a follow-up interview about the incident Richardson <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/6077823\/shacarri-richardson-drug-test-marijuana-olympics\/\">shared<\/a> that she relied on the substance to cope with learning of her biological mother\u2019s death from a sports media reporter. This only further exemplifies how sports media members can harm athletes\u2019 mental health. In sharing these personal details about how she handled bereaving while simultaneously preparing for the opportunity of a lifetime, Richardson demonstrated the importance of the issues raised by Osaka.<\/p>\n<p>To conclude, contemporary Black professional athletes\u2019 resistance is premised on the audacity to center themselves and bring their full selves into their work as players. In many ways, this resistance parallels the ongoing Black Lives Matter movement\u2019s call to humanize Blackness in an anti-Black society. This audacity builds on previous revolts of Black athletes who resisted institutional logics that allow anti-Blackness, racial capitalism, and misogynoir to persist. So long as these forces remain embedded in the fabric of sport and society, Black athletes will continue to resist. Notable sport sociologist, activist, and architect of the 1968 Mexico City Olympic protests, \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.uillinois.edu\/books\/catalog\/48tcw2qp9780252041075.html\">Dr. Harry Edwards<\/a>, once stated that \u201clike a piece of equipment the Black athlete is used.\u201d Nevertheless, they revolt, they persist, they thrive.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/blksocwithqtna\">Shaonta\u2019 Allen<\/a> is an incoming Mellon Faculty Fellow in the Department of Sociology and affiliate of the African and African American Studies Program at Dartmouth College. Her research draws on race, social movements, and intersectionality literature to examine how Black Americans perceive and respond to racial inequality and how this resistance varies across institutional contexts. She specifically explores Black resistive practices within Religion, Higher Education, and Pop-Culture &amp; Sport to theorize contemporary strategies for navigating racial and gendered hierarchies. Shaonta\u2019 has research published in Sociology Compass, Sociological Perspectives, and Humanity &amp; Society.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/letisha122\">Dr. Letisha Engracia Cardoso Brown<\/a> is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and an affiliate of the Africana Studies and Women\u2019s and Gender Studies programs at Virginia Tech. Her research utilizes a Black feminist lens to examine critical sport studies, food studies, and Black girlhoods. Her work can be found in publications including the South African Review of Sociology<\/em>, the <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health<\/em>, the <em>Palgrave Handbook of Feminism and Sport, Leisure and Physical Education<\/em>, and <em>First and Pen<\/em>.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Professional Black athletes navigate a fine line between being autonomous, independent, wealthy elites and undervalued, replaceable workers in a larger sports industry governed by logics of racial capitalism. The late Cedrick Robinson\u2019s Racial Capitalism theory sees the systems of capitalism and racism as interconnected and inextricably linked. Robinson, a political scientist, argued that economic and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2075,"featured_media":1571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[285],"tags":[2281,135687,129,135686,127128,82,103861,435,135698],"class_list":["post-1567","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-raceethnicity","tag-alienation","tag-french-open","tag-media","tag-naomi-osaka","tag-racial-capitalism","tag-racism","tag-serena-williams","tag-tennis","tag-white-gaze"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/files\/2021\/07\/Osaka3-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C2153&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8iFlL-ph","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2075"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1567"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1573,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567\/revisions\/1573"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/engagingsports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}