{"id":9907,"date":"2019-07-01T12:00:48","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T12:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/?p=9907"},"modified":"2019-06-28T16:29:00","modified_gmt":"2019-06-28T16:29:00","slug":"the-top-one-percents-crystal-ceiling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/2019\/07\/01\/the-top-one-percents-crystal-ceiling\/","title":{"rendered":"The Top One Percent’s Crystal Ceiling"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n Jill E. Yavorsky, Lisa A. Keister, Yue Qian and Michael Naud, <\/span>“Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions,” American Sociological Review<\/em>,<\/a><\/span> 2019<\/span><\/div>\n\n
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Photo by Tim Sackton, Flickr CC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

If you make at least $859,000 per year in 2016 dollars, you\u2019re part of the \u201cone percent\u201d– the top 1% of income earners in the United States. According to a recent study<\/a> by Jill E. Yavorsky<\/a>, Lisa A. Keister<\/a>, Yue Qian<\/a> and Michael Naud, you\u2019re most likely to be part of the one percent if you\u2019re a highly educated, white, married or cohabiting man or woman in your 50s, but individuals that don\u2019t match those characteristics are much less likely to be.
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The researchers used data from the U.S. Federal Reserve Board Survey of Consumer Finances from 1995 to 2016, which includes 40,418 one-percent households. They examine whether there has been a change in the gender makeup of the one percent and how many households in the one percent rely on women’s income to remain in this top category.
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<\/div>In 2016, only 4.5% of elite households rely on women\u2019s income for one-percent status. While this number has increased modestly since 1995 — when only 1.7% of households relied on women\u2019s income — a financial glass ceiling remains intact at the one percent level, and gender progress has effectively \u201cstalled\u201d for these women since the mid-1990s.In 2016, only 4.5% of elite households rely on women\u2019s income for one-percent status.<\/span>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Education, employment, age, and race affect whether households fall in the top one percent, but their analysis show key differences between men and women:  
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  • Higher education. <\/strong>A higher percentage of both married and single men and women in the top one percent of households are highly educated, compared with those in the full population.\u00a0<\/li>
  • Self-employment. <\/strong>Men and women in the top one percent are much more likely to be self-employed than those in the general population. Married men are much more likely to be self-employed than married women.\u00a0<\/li>
  • Age. <\/strong>Married and single men and women in one percent households are older, on average, than the general population. The average age for single women is 63, which is 9 to 12 years older than others in the one percent.\u00a0<\/li>
  • Race<\/strong>. Households in the top one percent are less racially diverse than households in the general population: Of married households in the top one percent, had respondents who identified as nonwhite, while only 3% of single-women households did.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    In short, the same variables matter for both men and women, but key differences illustrate a continued gender imbalance.
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Jill E. Yavorsky, Lisa A. Keister, Yue Qian and Michael Naud, “Women in the One Percent: Gender Dynamics in Top Income Positions,” American Sociological Review, 2019 If you make at least $859,000 per year in 2016 dollars, you\u2019re part of the \u201cone percent\u201d– the top 1% of income earners in the United States. According to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,13,14],"tags":[44,29,34,70,37335,11306,33640,1006,78,104,2889,37332,320,13226,37333,112720,118306,727,19021,118047,358,3694,117836],"class_list":["post-9907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gender","category-inequality","category-race","tag-age","tag-class","tag-education","tag-family","tag-gender","tag-gender-inequality","tag-gender-revolution","tag-glass-ceiling","tag-higher-education","tag-income","tag-income-inequality","tag-inequality","tag-marriage","tag-one-percent","tag-race","tag-rich","tag-self-employment","tag-social-class","tag-socioeconomic-status","tag-top-one-percent","tag-wealth","tag-wealth-inequality","tag-wealthy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9907","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9907"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9907\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9927,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9907\/revisions\/9927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thesocietypages.org\/discoveries\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}